Determination of Harvest Maturity for Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Fruit by Non-Destructive Criteria

Abu, M. , Olympio, N. and Darko, J. (2021) Determination of Harvest Maturity for Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Fruit by Non-Destructive Criteria. Agricultural Sciences, 12, 1103-1118. doi: 10.4236/as.2021.1210071.

Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt mango varieties were studied to establish the relationship of harvest time to 1) seasonal accumulated day-degrees or heat units (˚C), 2) daily rainfall amount (mm), and 3) physical fruit development attributes in order to fix maturity standards for export and local markets. Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was used. In each case of Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt varieties, physical fruit development attributes established as standard harvest maturity values were: weight (640 g, 836 g, 837 g, and 1104 g, respectively), length (16.31 cm, 16.19 cm, 21.22 cm, and 19 cm, respectively), width (30.97 cm, 33.47 cm, 30.86 cm, and 35.91 cm, respectively), volume (598 cm³, 807 cm³, 772 cm³, and 959 cm³, respectively), density (1.147 g/cm³, 1.076 g/cm³, 1.084 g/cm³, and 1.189 g/cm³, respectively), and indentation (0.25 cm, 0.49 cm, and 0.50 cm, respectively). The intensity of grooves around the stylar-scar end of Palmer fruits was studied and used as maturity index. Index values of 0.075 mls, 0.150 mls, 0.425 mls, and 0.116 mls, respectively, for Haden, Kent, Palmer, and Keitt varieties were recorded as latex exuded at harvest since these values tallied with the other physical harvest maturity index values, and also with those of rain fall and temperature values. Temperature, rainfall, and physical characteristics are therefore important non-destructive criteria for fixing maturity index values for mango fruits.

Keywords Harvest Maturity, Mango Fruit, Non-Destructive, Criteria