Edible: Fruit, Seeds, Leaves
A spreading shrub. It grows 2-4 m tall. It can be 12 m tall. The leaves are opposite and large. They are oval and shiny green. They are leathery and have prominent veins. The midrib is raised underneath the leaf. The flowers are in clusters near the ends of branches. They are greenish white. Fruit are small and green. They turn black at maturity.
A tropical plant. It occurs in coastal vine thickets and on dunes. It grows in sandy soil along sea coasts and mangrove forests. It grows from sea level to 500 m altitude in Samoa. In Fiji it is usually below 200 m altitude. It grows in sandy soils and limestone. Mt Cootha Botanical Gardens.
Common Names: Adau, Agetha, Agnimanda, Agnimanthah, Aguyabat, Alagua-dagat, Aldas, Aloalo, Aran, Arani, Bachanige, Bagr, Baloh, Bhut-bhiravi, Bhuto bairi, Buas laut, Buas-buas, Chamari, Dhakandhaa, Dieng-lah-marwai, Eegigida, False elder, Gaebbu nelli, Ganiari, Ganioli, Genderi, Ghebboon nellie, Ginaveli, Gineri, Headache tree, Idibinerr, Kaar, Kayu buas, Khara-narvel, Ki pahan, Laban putih, Lambuas, Mara, Mooney do, Mothi-arni, Muney kiray, Munna, Munnay, Padda narva, Pohon malbo, Pohon premna batas, Pohon premna pantai, Pomantii, Singkel, Singkil alas, Takkite, Te ango, Ustabunda, Varvara, Yamgurum,
Synonyms:
Citharexylum paniculatum Poir. [Illegitimate];
Cornutia corymbosa Burm. f.;
Gumira abbreviata (Miq.) Kuntze;
Gumira attenuata (R.Br.) Kuntze;
Gumira integrifolia Hassk. [Illegitimate];
Gumira laevigata (Miq.) Kuntze;
Gumira opulifolia (Miq.) Kuntze;
Gumira truncata (Turcz.) Kuntze;
Premna abbreviata Miq.;
Premna angustior (C.B.Clarke) Ridl.;
Premna attenuata R.Br.;
Premna benthamiana Domin;
Premna corymbosa (Burm.f.) Schauer [Illegitimate];
Premna corymbosa var. obtusifolia (R.Br.) H.R.Fletcher;
Premna corymbosa var. sambucina (Wall. ex Schauer) Moldenke;
Premna gaudichaudii Schauer;
Premna glabra A.Gray ex Maxim.;
Premna glycycocca F.Muell.;
Premna guillauminii var. serrata Moldenke;
Premna hircina Wall.;
Premna integrifolia Willd. [Illegitimate];
Premna integrifolia L. [Illegitimate];
Premna integrifolia var. angustior C.B.Clarke;
Premna integrifolia var. minor Ridl.;
Premna integrifolia var. obtusifolia (R. Br.) C. P'ei;
Premna laevigata Miq.;
Premna littoralis King & Gamble;
Premna media R. Br.;
Premna nauseosa Blanco;
Premna obtusifolia R. Br.;
Premna obtusifolia var. gaudichaudii (Schauer) Moldenke;
Premna obtusifolia var. velutina Benth.;
Premna opulifolia Miq.;
Premna ovata R.Br.;
Premna sambucina Wall. ex Schauer;
and others
Premna serratifolia var. minor (Ridl.) A. Rajendran & P. Daniel;
Premna spinosa Roxb.;
Premna subcordata Turcz.;
Premna tahitensis var. rapensis F. Br.;
Premna tahitensis var. rimatarensis F. Br.;
Premna truncata Turcz.;
Scrophularioides arborea G. Forst. [Invalid];