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Alexis M. Adams, Adam W. Gillespie, Gurbir S. Dhillon, Gourango Kar, Colin Minielly, Saidou Koala, Badiori Ouattara, Anthony A. Kimaro, Andre Bationo, Jeff J. Schoenau, Derek Peak, Long-term effects of integrated soil fertility management practices on soil chemical properties in the Sahel, Geoderma, Volume 366, 2020, 114207, ISSN 0016-7061, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114207. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706119312339)

Joint application of mineral and organic fertilizers and incorporation of legumes into cropping systems, known as integrated soil fertility management (ISFM), has improved short-term crop productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. Little research exists, however, on the effectiveness of long-term ISFM in improving soil quality and productivity. This study determined the long-term effects of different ISFM treatments on soil chemical properties and OM dynamics up to 20 cm soil depth at a long-term research site at Saria, Burkina Faso. The ISFM treatments applied from 1960 to 2008 included broadcasted fertilizer (100 kg ha−1 14-23-14 (NPK) with 50 kg ha−1 urea; and NPK with an additional 50 kg ha−1 urea and 50 kg ha−1 KCl) supplemented with crop residue retention, and with manure application at 5000 or 40000 kg ha−1. In addition, continuous cropping of Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) was compared to yearly rotation between sorghum and Vigna unguiculata (cowpea). The large manure rate (40,000 kg ha−1) supplement was most effective in buffering fertilizer-application-induced pH decline and increasing grain yield, soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations (p < 0.05). Manure application also enhanced the microbial cycling and retention of C and N microbial byproducts compared to other fertilizer treatments, as indicated by C and N X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopies. Legume-cereal cropping led to increased abundance of C and N functional groups indicative of reduced OM breakdown compared to the continuous cropping system. Supplemental application of manure with mineral fertilizers under mixed cereal-legume cropping was found to be most effective in improving long-term soil fertility and crop productivity in the Sahel.

Keywords: Integrated Soil Fertility Management; Long-term sustainability; Sahel; Soil fertility; Soil organic matter dynamics; XANES; NEXAFS