www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agric...ris-elliptica
Abstract, ScienceDirect, 2015
Roots of the East Asian Derris (tuba) plants, particularly of Derris elliptica and D. chinensis (Leguminosae), have long been used to stupefy fish for easy collection and also as insecticides and hunting aids. In South America, Lonchocarpus utilis, L. urucu and L. nicou(cubé, timbo, and barbasco), as well as preparations from Tephrosia, Mundela, and Millettia species, have been used for the same purpose. The major and most studied bioactive principle of the tropical plants is rotenone, first isolated from L. nicou by Geoffroy in 1895. The rotenone content in D. elliptica and L. utilis roots ranges from 3 to 11%. The structure of rotenone (Figure 3.3) was established by several research groups simultaneously in 1932 (reviewed by Crombie, 1963; LaForge et al., 1933). Additional notable rotenoids are deguelin, ellipton, malaccol, sumatrol, tephrosin, and α-toxicarol (Crombie, 1963; Fukami and Nakajima, 1971) as well as the recently identified oxahomologs (Fang and Casida, 1997, 1999).