Some 3 billion people in the world live outside the cash economy in the world’s poorest nations. Food security and regular supply are their daily concerns. Chronic malnutrition is a leading cause of death and disease for them. Young children are amongst the most affected. One child every 5-10 seconds dies from undernutrition. Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness for someone every minute. Most people in tropical and subtropical countries are iron deficient.
Our goal is to provide information that enables people to choose the right plant for their environment, to give them stable food production and a greater choice of plants to enrich their diets and improve their nutritional wellbeing.
The plant fact sheets listed in this collection are only a small portion of those available from FPI. Please check your plant inquiries in the ECHO Search and reference the FPI plant database for further information.
Most of the plants selected to list here are further described in country-specific publications by Food Plant Solutions (FPS in the Search).
8000 Starchy Staples
7000 Legumes
6000 Leafy Greens
5000 Fruits
4000 Vegetables
3000 Nuts, Seeds, Herbs, and other foods
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Bauhinia acuminata
Edible: Flowers, Leaves, Fruit
An evergreen shrub. It grows 3 m tall. The leaves have 2 lobes. They are downy and rounded. The leaves are 15 cm long. The flowers are white to pale yellow. There are only a few flowers on a stalk. The flowers are 5 cm wide. The fruit are flattened pods.
A tropical plant. It needs regular moisture and humidity. It needs a fertile, humus-rich, well-drained soil. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In XTBG Yunnan.
Common Names: Dwarf white Bauhinia, Bunga perak, Cheung kou sar, Kaa-long, Kokkumandarai, Kupu kupu, Mahahlega-phyu, Mati kotora, Megong aphal, Mong-bo nhon, Mong-bo trang, Palan, Quach vang, Sivamalli, Swe-daw, Tapak kuda, Vaibe, Vellutthamandarom
Synonyms:
Bauhinia linnaei Ali;
Casparia acuminata (L.) Heynh.;
Mandarus acuminata (L.) Raf.;
Pauletia acuminata (L.) Schmitz;
Bauhinia malabarica
Edible: Leaves, Seeds, Flowers
A small to large tree. It grows 3-5 m high but can be up to 17 m high. The trunk branches near the base. It loses its leaves during the year. The leaves are alternate and smooth. The base is slightly heart shaped. The tip is notched. The leaves are 1-20 cm long. The flowers are white or pink. The fruit is a flat pod. The pods are long. They can be 25-30 cm long. They contain many seeds. The pod gradually tapers to the tip. The pod has an irregular network of veins.
It is a tropical plant. It grows in Nepal at 200-1200 m altitude. It grows on open hillsides. It grows in areas with a rainfall of 1,000 - 3,000 mm each year. In Indonesia it grows from sea level to 150 m above sea level.
Common Names: Malabar ebony, Mountain ebony, Alibangbang, Amili, Amil tanki, Amli, Amlosa, Bentjuluk, Bwegyin, Chinbyit, Hanthar, Karmai, Khormang, Kotra, Malabar orchid tree, Phak xiao, Pohon bauhinia malabar, Pulishinta, Seaw, Selik, Shin-le-yat, Som siew, Tanki, Tenga kotra
Synonyms:
Bauhinia acida Korth.;
Bauhinia castrata Hassk.;
Bauhinia hawkesiana F. M. Bailey;
Bauhinia platyphylla Miq.;
Bauhinia rugulosa Miq.;
Casparea castrata (Hassk.) Hassk.;
Pauletia acida (Korth.) Hassk.;
Piliostigma malabaricum (Roxb.) Bentham;
Lysiphyllum malabarica; ?
Bauhinia monandra
Edible: Leaves, Flowers
A deciduous tree. It grows to 7 m tall and spreads to 4 m across. The stem is slender and erect. It often forms several stems. It has widely spreading branches. The leaves have 2 lobes and are yellowish-green. The flowers are pale pink with red dots and have 5 petals and one fertile stamen. Flowers are usually of one sex. They are orchid like and are 10 cm across. They occur around stalks on the end of branches. The flowers only have one stamen. Pods are 20 cm long.
A tropical plant. It prefers a well composted, moist, well drained soil. It grows in areas with a rainfall between 900-2,000 mm per year. It does best in a protected sunny position. It is drought and frost tender. It suits hardiness zones 11-12.
Common Names: Butterfly Flower, Butterfly Bauhinia, Flores mariposa, Jerusalem date, Mariposa, Mong-bo don-hung, Napolean's cocked hat, Napoleon's plume, Orchid tree, Pink butterfly tree, St Thomas’s Tree, Swedaw
Synonyms:
Bauhinia kappler Sagot;
and others
Bauhinia purpurea
Edible: Flowers, Leaves, Seeds, Fruit, Gum
An evergreen shrub or small tree. It grows to 4-10 m high and spreads to 2 m across. The stem is erect and slender. The branches are crooked. The leaves are green and have 2 lobes which divide the leaves for half their length. They are rounded and 7-16 cm long and the same width. The leaf stalk is 3 cm long. The flowers are purple and orchid like. They are large and can be 6 cm across. They can occur either on their own or in flowering branches and can be in the axils of leaves or at the ends of branches. The flower buds are 4-5 angled. The flower petals are reddish purple and often with coloured marks. The petals do not overlap and there are 3-4 stamens. The fruit are oblong brown pods. They are flattened and can be 25 cm long by 2 cm wide. There are 5-6 seeds. The seeds are 12-13 mm long.
A tropical plant. It is drought and frost tender. In Nepal it grows from 300-3000 m altitude. It can grow in arid places. In the Indian Himalayas it grows between 1,300-1,400 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 11-12. In Yunnan.
Common Names: Butterfly Tree, Purple orchid Tree, Aapta, Alibangbang, Barada, Bol-megong, Bunga kupu-kupu, Chee-kung, Ching-kho, Chingthrao angangba, Chuvannamandaram, Dev-Kanchan, Deva kanchan, Ger her kwo, Guiral, Javvahiru, Jia telong, Kachnar, Kachner, Kairwal, Kanchan, Kanchanam, Kandan, Kaniar, Karalli, Karar, Katumandaram, Keelra, Kha-lat, Khair-wal, Khuf al-jeme, Kobida, Koilar, Koina sag, Koiralo, Koliar, Kom arxa, Kowdel, Kurul, Levosii, Maha-hlega-ni, Mandari, Masi, Megong, Mong-bo do, Mong bo hoa tim, Msekese, Orhidejno drevo, Pacham, Phak-siew, Pohon bohinia ungu, Purple Bauhinia, Rakia kanchan, Rakia-kanchan, Rakto kanchan, Rato kanchan, Sarul, Shivapa, Sona, Swedae-ni, Taa-ki, Tanki, Tapak kuda, Tapak unta, Tingka lakchu, Vaibeh, Vaubeh, Vau-fa-vang, Zi Yangtija
Synonyms:
Bauhinia platyphylla Spanoghe;
Bauhinia castrata Blanco;
Bauhinia coromandeliana DC.;
Bauhinia rosea Corner;
Bauhinia triandra Roxb.;
Bauhinia kurzii;
Bauhinia purpurea var. violacea de Wit.;
Bauhinia violacea Corner;
Caspareopsis purpurea (L.) Pittier;
Phanera purpurea (L.) Benth.;
Bauhinia variegata
Edible: Flowers, Leaves, Buds, Fruit, Pods, Seeds, Gum
A tree. It loses its leaves during the dry season of the year. It grows to a height of 8-12 m tall and spreads to 5 m across. The stem is erect and straight. The leaves are entire to the midpoint, then divided into 2 lobes. The leaves are 10-20 cm long and 10-15 cm across. The base of the leaves is heart shaped. They are dull blue-green. The veins radiate from the base of the leaf. The leaf stalk is 2-3 cm long. The flowers are pink to purple with 5 club-shaped petals. One petal is a different shape and colour. They are produced on stalks around a flowering stalk at the end of branches. The flowers are 8-12 cm across. The fruit are pods. They are 20-30 cm long and 1.5-2.5 cm wide. They are flat and brown and twist as they open. There are 10-15 seeds. The seeds are round and flat and 1 cm across.
A tropical plant. The minimum temperature is 7°C. They cannot tolerate salt spray. It grows naturally in deciduous forest between 500 and 1500 m altitude. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 9-10. In Yunnan.
Common Names: Pink Orchid Tree, Bhosa, Bunga kupu kupu, Butterfly bush, Camel-foot tree, Champa, Chingthrao, Chuvannamandaram, Dhaonro pump, Dork ban, Ger her por, Greainblack, Guiral, Hoa ban, Kachnar, Kalshiya, Kalyar, Kanaraj, Kanchan, Kanchanar, Kanchavala, Kaniar, Karial, Katyalae, Kerale, Kha-la, Khwairal, Kiorala, Koilar, Koilara, Koiralo, Kulyar, Kurial, Kurol, Kutchnar, Mahul, Malungarh, Mandari, Mogar, Mountain ebony, Okjok, Orchid tree, Pacham, Pachem, Padrian, Paj haum tsav, Pawangma, Phar-kung, Phum, Pink bauhinia, Pink camel's-foot, Pohon bauhinia talikancu merah, Raktakanchan, Segapumanchori, Sheep's foot, Sieo-dok-khao, Taki, Tapak kerbau, Variegated bauhinia, Vaube, White bauli, Yangtijia
Synonyms:
Possibly Perlebia variegata (Linn.) Schmitz.;
Bauhinia candida Aiton;
Bauhinia chinensis (DC.) Vogel;
Bauhinia decora Uribe;
Bauhinia variegata var. chinensis DC.;
Phanera variegata (L.) Benth.;
Berchemia floribunda
Edible: Fruit, Leaves, Root, Leaves - tea
A large twining shrub. The twigs are cylinder shape and tapering. The leaves are 5-12 cm long by 3-4 cm wide. They are narrowly oval. They are more pale underneath. The flowers are in tufts of 3-6. They are in large groups 12-15 cm long at the ends of branches. The fruit is fleshy and 8-20 mm long. The seed is covered in a hard coat and is flattened and smooth.
It is a tropical plant. It grows in mountain forests and the edges of forests below 2,600 m in China. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
Common Names: Amili, Helonia, Kala lag, Kouloi, Rungyeong rik, Sugreekung, Year ao, Year-ow
Synonyms:
Ziziphus floribunda Wall.;
Beta vulgaris
Edible: Roots, Leaves, Vegetable
A dark green leafed plant. The plant is upright and about 20 cm tall. It can be grown as an annual plant. Normally it gives a thickened root in the first year then flowers in the second year. The leaves vary in shape and colour. They can be oval with an irregular wavy edge. They can be dark green or reddish. It has a round or elongated fattened root. The root is red in colour. (White varieties also occur). The flowers are small and green and have both sexes. They occur in flower arrangements with the end bud a flower bud. This forms a tall, branching, spike-like arrangement. The fruit are one seed. Often 2 or more seeds are joined together in a "seedball". Plants are wind cross pollinated.
It is a temperate climate plant. It is mainly in the highlands between 1150 and 2600 m altitude in the tropics. Plants are frost resistant. Plants grow best at 18-22°C. Temperatures below 10°C cause the plant to start its seeding phase. It is sensitive to acid soils but can grow in alkaline soils up to pH 10.
Common Names: Beetroot, Aitiace, Barba, Barbabietola, Bendjar, Beteraba, Betterave, Bit palang, Bittsu, Caiduong, Chaouender, Chukandar, Cu den, Divlja blitva, Giri, Hatrab, Hezab, Left m 'ta el-baqar, Palak, Palang sag, Palang, Palanki, Remolacha, Remolatsa, Rossa, Rote bete, Rote rube, Salachi, Selk, Sellak, Semlakh, Serj, Sildj, Silk el Belebcha, Silk, Table beet, Tian cai
Synonyms:
Probably now Beta vulgaris Crassa group;
Beta altissima Steud.;
Beta brasiliensis Voss, nom. inval.;
Beta vulgaris cv. conditiva Alef.;
Beta vulgaris cv. saccharifera Alef.;
Beta vulgaris var. altissima Doll;
Beta vulgaris var. crassa Alef.;
Bidens pilosa
Edible: Leaves, Leaves - tea, Seeds, Flowers - tea, Vegetable
A small annual upright herb with small black seeds in heads. It is an erect branched herb 0.2 to 1.5 m tall. The branches or stems have parallel lines or ridges. The stems are four angled. The leaves are up to 15 cm long with the upper ones much smaller. The leaves are divided into 3-5 leaflets. The end leaflet is usually larger (3 cm x 9 cm). The edges of the leaves are toothed. The flowers occur at the end of branches. They are on long stalks. The flowers are brown or yellow. The seeds are black with 2-4 projections at the top. (The seeds often stick to clothes.)
It grows in tropical rainforest areas. It grows on many different soil types. It grows from near sea level to over 2000 m altitude. It suits humid locations. It needs plenty of moisture and is not drought tolerant. Very common and widely distributed from northern Luzon to southern Mindanao in the Philippines. It occurs and is widely used throughout Malawi. It can grow in arid places. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
Common Names: Cobbler’s pegs, Spanish needles, Abulesega, Aceitilla, Aceitillo, Amor seco, Anantsinahibavy, Anyegomo, Ayegomon, Beggar's ticks, Bilodra, Black jack, Boboyo, Botongatonga, Burr marigold, Cadvolo, Chananguno, Chanonga, Chinomba, Chiseyo, Chisokono, Chisosoci, Choheke, Chuchuza, Daomeoai, Daun roten, Deumeubai, Djamwounkpi, Dong ma zhan, 'enwad, Enbureymaa, Enyikibon, Hei ni zuo ge mo, Hirikulha, Ilenjane, Inongwe, Itongatonga, Jarongan, Jerambing, Jongae, Jongee, Junqqu, Kabata, Kaella, Kakala, Kaliputi, Kalo kuro, Kamalara, Kanzota, Kapuninga, Karay, Kashisha, Katarey kuro, Keroten, Ketul, Kimana-ngasi, Kofetoga, Koheriki, Kuro, Lopalopa, Lungelima, Maina sag, Mayna arxa, Mbelembele, Mbwembwe, Mhuu, Mokolonyane, Monyana, Moonyane, Mozote, Mukkutthi, Mukongolo, Mushidzhi, Namulepo, Nat bar, Nihasha, Nsolokoto, Nyabarashana, Nyangudi, Nyanyiek-mon, Obukurra, Philungekuro, Picao-preto, Picon, Puriket, Rhobashing, Rumput juala, Saetilla, Sere, Sheng-niangbaicuo, Sine, Solokoto, Ta-sae-ut, Tanggom oying, Teretani, Thole, Trakavola, Tsetsega, Tsine, Tukchong-muk, Tungunira, Ucucuza, Umahogo, Umhlabangubo, Uqadolo, X'tiyu, Ya dong long, Za qie mo, Zouqie
Synonyms:
Bidens abadiae DC.;
Bidens abadiae var. abadiae;
Bidens abadiae var. pilosoides Sherff;
Bidens adhaerescens Vell.;
Bidens africana Klatt;
Bidens alausensis Kunth;
Bidens alba (L.) DC.;
Bidens alba var. radiata (Sch.Bip.) Ballard ex Melchert;
Bidens arenaria Gand.;
Bidens arenicola Gand. [Invalid];
Bidens aurantiaca Colenso;
Bidens barrancae M. E. Jones;
Bidens bimucronata Turcz.;
Bidens bonplandii Sch.Bip.;
Bidens brachycarpa DC.;
Bidens bullata var. glabrescens Fiori;
Bidens bullata var. hirta (Jord.) Coste;
Bidens calcicola Greenm.;
Bidens californica DC.;
Bidens cannabina Lam.;
Bidens caracasana DC.;
Bidens caucalidea DC.;
Bidens cernua var. anomala Farw.;
Bidens cernua var. tenuis Turcz. ex DC.;
Bidens chilensis DC.;
Bidens chilensis var. apiifolia DC.;
Bidens chilensis var. chilensis;
Bidens ciliata Hoffmanns. ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey.;
Bidens daucifolia DC.;
Bidens deamii Sherff;
Bidens decussata Pav. ex DC.;
Bidens decussata Pav. ex Steud.;
Bidens dichotoma Desf. ex DC.;
Bidens effusa Thuill. ex Sherff [Invalid];
Bidens exaristata DC.;
Bidens fastigiata var. hispida Jord. ex Cariot & St.Lag.
Bidens heterodoxa var. orthodoxa Fernald
Bidens hirsuta Nutt. [Illegitimate]
Bidens hirta Jord.
Bidens hispida Kunth
Bidens hybrida Thuill.
Bidens inermis S. Watson;
Bidens leucantha (L.) Willd.;
Bidens leucantha Poepp. ex DC. [Illegitimate];
Bidens leucantha var. leucantha;
Bidens leucantha var. pilosa (L.) Griseb.;
Bidens leucantha var. sundaica (Blume) Hassk.;
Bidens leucanthema f. discoidea Sch.Bip.;
Bidens leucanthema var. pilosa (L.) Griseb.;
Bidens leucanthema var. sundaica (Blume) Hassk.;
Bidens leucanthemus (L.) E. H. L. Krause;
Bidens minor (Wimm. & Grab.) Vorosch.;
Bidens minuscula H. Lév. & Vaniot;
Bidens montaubani Phil.;
Bidens odorata Cav.;
Bidens odorata var. calcicola (Greenm.) R.E.Ballard;
Bidens odorata var. oaxacensis Ballard;
Bidens orendainae M. E. Jones;
Bidens orientalis Velen. ex Bornm.;
Bidens paleacea Vis.;
Bidens pilosa f. alausensis (Kunth) Sherff;
Bidens pilosa var. albiflora Maxim.;
Bidens pilosa var. bimucronata (Turcz.) O.E.Schulz;
Bidens pilosa var. bimucronata (Turcz.) Sch.Bip.;
Bidens pilosa f. bimucronata (Turcz.) Sherff;
Bidens pilosa var. brachycarpa (DC.) O. E. Schulz;
Bidens pilosa var. brevifoliata Hieron.;
Bidens pilosa var. calcicola (Greenm.) Sherff;
Bidens pilosa f. calcicola (Greenm.) Sherff;
Bidens pilosa var. discoidea Sch.Bip.;
Bidens pilosa f. discoidea Sch.Bip. [Illegitimate];
Bidens pilosa f. dissecta Sherff;
Bidens pilosa var. dubia (Cass.) O. E. Schulz;
Bidens pilosa var. humilis (Walp.) Walp. ex Reiche;
Bidens pilosa f. indivisa Sherff;
Bidens pilosa var. leucantha (L.) Harv.;
Bidens pilosa var. minor (Blume) Sherff;
Bidens pilosa f. monophylla (Urb.) Sherff;
Bidens pilosa f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff;
Bidens pilosa f. pilosa;
Bidens pilosa var. pilosa;
Bidens pilosa f. pilosior Kuntze;
Bidens pilosa f. pinnata Kuntze;
Bidens pilosa var. radiata (Sch.Bip.) Sherff;
Bidens pilosa var. radiata (Sch.Bip.) Sch.Bip. [Illegitimate];
Bidens pilosa f. simplex Sherff;
Bidens pilosa f. subbiternatus Kuntze;
Bidens pilosa f. subsimplicifolia Kuntze;
Bidens pilosa f. ternata Kuntze;
Bidens pilosa f. triaristata Sherff;
Bidens pilosa f. umbrosa Sherff;
Bidens pinnata Noronha;
Bidens pumila (Retz.) Steud.;
Bidens ramosissima Sherff;
Bidens reflexa Link;
Bidens rosea Sch.Bip.;
Bidens rosea var. calcicola Greenm.;
Bidens scandicina Kunth;
Bidens striata Schott ex Sweet;
Bidens sundaica Blume;
Bidens sundaica var. minor Blume;
Bidens taquetii H. Lév. & Vaniot;
Bidens trifoliata Norona;
Bidens tripartita Bojer [Invalid];
Bidens tripartita var. cannabina (Lam.) Beckh.;
Bidens tripartita var. discoidea Wimm.;
Bidens tripartita var. hirta (Jord.) Sherff;
Bidens tripartita var. hispida Cariot & St.-Lag.;
Bidens tripartita var. indivisa Corb.;
Bidens tripartita var. integra Peterm.;
Bidens tripartita var. integrifolia Wirtg.;
Bidens tripartita var. latifolia Rouy;
Bidens tripartita var. minima Lej.;
Bidens tripartita var. minor Wimm. & Grab.;
Bidens tripartita var. orientalis (Velen.) Sherff;
Bidens tripartita var. pumila Retz.;
Bidens tripartita var. radiata Wimm.;
Bidens tripartita var. tenuis (Turcz. ex DC.) DC.;
Bidens valparadisiaca Colla;
Bidens viciosoi Pau;
Bidens wallichii var. albiflora Max. ex Matsum.;
Ceratocephalus pilosus Rich. ex Cass.;
Coreopsis alba L.;
Coreopsis corymbifolia Buch.-Ham. ex DC.;
Coreopsis leucantha L.;
Coreopsis leucorrhiza Lour.;
Coreopsis multifida DC.;
Coreopsis multifida var. multifida;
Coreopsis multifida var. mutica DC.;
Coreopsis odorata Poir.;
Coreopsis odorata Lam.;
Glossogyne chinensis Less.;
Kerneria dubia Cass.;
Kerneria pilosa (L.) Lowe;
Kerneria pilosa var. pilosa;
Kerneria pilosa var. radiata (Sch.Bip.) Lowe;
Kerneria tetragona Moench [Illegitimate];
Bischofia javanica
Edible: Leaves, Fruit, Seeds
A large stocky tree. It grows up to 40 m tall. It can range from 5 to 30 m tall. The trunk is 1 m across, and straight. The trunk is covered with dull brown scaly bark. It is 2 cm thick and peels off in irregular flakes. The bark gives a red exudate when cut. The branches are numerous and form a dense rounded crown. The leaves are alternate, and with 3 leaflets. The leaf has a long leaf stalk. The leaflets are oval and tapering towards the tip. The edges of the leaflets are toothed. The leaves are dark green and glossy on the upper surface and light green and smooth underneath. The flowering branch has many branches. The individual flowers are small numerous and yellow-green. Trees have male and female flowers on separate plants. The fruit are rounded and fleshy. They have 3 to 4 cells and are reddish brown. They are 3 mm across. They contain 6 small seeds.
A tropical plant. It grows in the lowland and lower mountain zones. It grows from sea level to 900 m in Fiji. In Nepal it grows to about 1000 m altitude. It is often in disturbed forest or old garden land. They occur throughout the Philippines in dry open places. It can tolerate some shade and light frost but is best in full sun. It needs fertile, well drained soil. It suits hardiness zones 9-12. In XTBG Yunnan. In Sichuan.
Common Names: Java cedar, Akagi, Aukkyu, Aukkywe, Batang bintang, Bhillar, Bishop wood, Boke, Cok, Gao, Ge ben jian, Gobranerale, Hka-shatawi, Ighogha, Kaen, Kaijal, Kain, Kainjal, Kainjalo, Kanji, Khuang-thli, Khungthi, Koka, Koka damu, Kywe-tho, Mafia, Nalupumushti, Nhoi, Nira, 'O'a, Paniala, Panisemla, Pankain, Phang put, Po-gaungsa, Pohon gintungan, Shengpo, Sintir, Si pu ge lie, Tag schein, Taiso, Takkir, Tayok-the, Thaijilit, Thaiso, Thirippu, Thondi, Tiger tree, Togotogo, Tongotongo, Toog, Tuai, Tuer, Tuwwo, Tuwwol, Uriana, Urium, Uthum naraobi, Yae-pa-done, Yepaduk, Ye-padauk, Yepadon
Synonyms:
Bischofia trifoliata (Roxb.) Hook.f.;
Microelus roeperianus Wight and Arn.;
Andrachne trifoliata Roxb.;
Telmatoblechnum indicum
Edible: Rhizome, Root, Fronds, Leaves
A medium sized fern. It grows 0.2-1 m high. It has a long, creeping, branched rhizome. It forms extensive spreading patches. The fronds can be 2 m high in shady places. The fronds are held stiffly erect. They are crowded and shiny green. The segments are narrowly sword shaped. They are leathery and have fine teeth along the edge. The segments are slightly reduced in size towards the base of the frond. The fertile segments are similar to the sterile one.
A tropical plant. It grows in tropical and subtropical places. It grows in swampy low lying places in warm climates. It can grow in open moist places. It can tolerate frost. It cannot stand heavy shade.
Common Names: Bungwall fern, Swamp fern, Swamp Water Fern, Anbul(ng)kung, Majuwa
Synonyms:
Blechnum indicum Burm.f..;
and others
