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SALT is a package technology of soil conservation and food production, integrating differing soil conservation measures in just one setting. Basically, SALT is a method of growing field and permanent crops in 3-5 m wide bands between contoured rows of nitrogen fixing trees. The nitrogen fixing trees are thickly planted in double rows to make hedgerows. When a hedge is 1.5-2 m tall, it is cut down to about 75 cm and the cuttings (tops) are placed in the alleyways to serve as organic fertilizer.

SALT, An Agroforestry Scheme: SALT is a diversified farming system which can be considered agroforestry since rows of permanent shrubs like coffee, cacao, citrus and other fruit trees are dispersed throughout the farm plot. The strips not occupied by permanent crops, however, are planted alternately to cereals (corn, upland rice, sorghum, etc.) or other crops (sweet potato, melon, pineapple, castor bean, etc.) and legumes (soybean, mung bean, peanut, etc.). This cyclical cropping provides the farmer some harvest throughout the year. SALT also includes the planting of trees for timber and firewood on surrounding boundaries. Examples of tree species for “boundary forest” in SALT are mahogany, Cassuarina, Sesbania, Cashew, etc.



  1. Key Resource 01-01-2012 Asia makes up less than one third (30%) of the world’s land area and yet carries over half (56%) of the world’s population. Moreover, the average population density of Asia becomes a significant long-term problem when food production is considered. Some countries in Asia have a population density...
  2. 20-07-2008 This method is designed to allow crops to be grown even onsteep hillsides with minimal erosion while at the same timeincreasing soil fertility and providing fodder for livestock.Rather than controlling erosion with rock terraces or ditches, SALT relies on rows of vegetation.
  3. Abstract, 2009 At the Visayas State College of Agriculture (ViSCA) on the island of Leyte in the Philippines, hydrologic and soil-loss measurements were recorded for 32 erosion events over 3 yr on three 12-m-long bare soil plots with slopes of approximately 50%, 60%, and 70%. Measurements...
  4. 01-01-1988 A good practical guide for the vegetable production student. A breakthrough in documentation of proven methods in flatland and hillside cultivation of tropical vegetables. Designed especially for today's progressive farmer.
  5. Abstract, Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017 Improving land productivity is essential to meet increasing food and forage demands in hillside and mountain communities. Tens of millions of smallholder terrace farmers in Asia, Africa, and Latin America who earn $1–2 per day do not have access to...
  6. Access Agriculture Training Video Contour hedgerows slow the speed of water coming down the slope and allow the water to infiltrate. They also allow the washed away soil and nutrients to settle out above the hedgerows. You can plant many different grasses, depending on what you need and what is...
  7. 01-01-1990 This paper first introduces the major characteristics of mountain areas and their operational implications. These characteristics called mountain specificities here, include inaccessibility, fragility, marginality, diversity, niche, and people's adaptation mechanisms in these habitats. The...
  8. This book looks at how soil develops, what makes fertile soil, and what spoils soil. Recognizing and treating mineral deficiencies, it presents the ways to improve soil texture and to improve the soil management. 262 pages, pictures, illustrations
  9. ICIMOD believes in a future where the region’s mountain people can experience enhanced livelihoods, equity, and social and environmental security; where they can adapt to climate, environmental, and socioeconomic change; and where future generations of mountain and downstream populations can...
  10. The overall mission ofMountain Research and Developmentis to foster sustainable development in mountains by supporting peer-reviewed interdisciplinary, disciplinary, and transdisciplinary research on mountains, developing scientific capacity, capitalizing on development experiences, promoting...
  11. Access Agriculture Training Video On sloping land, rainwater washes away the fertile soil and cassava yields will quickly decline. By reducing soil erosion and building up a healthy soil, you will continue to have a good cassava harvest for many years. Available languages Bambara English French...
  12. 03-10-2017 In this workshop, I will describe and diagram the common sloping land corn and rice farming system. I will then identify leverage points within the system and how development workers can work with farmers to make these systems more sustainable.
  13. "SALT" is a package technology of soil conservation and food production, integrating differing soil conservation measures in just one setting. Basically, SALT is a method of growing field and permanent crops in 3 meter to 5 meter wide bands between contoured rows of nitrogen fixing trees. This...
  14. 01-06-1984 Prepared under contract for U.S. Agency for International Development, Wash. DC 98 pages, tables. Notebook format
  15. Experimental Agriculture Croft, M., Bicksler, A., Manson, J., & Burnette, R. (2013). COMPARISON OF APPROPRIATE TROPICAL SEED STORAGE TECHNIQUES FOR GERMPLASM CONSERVATION IN MOUNTAINOUS SUB-TROPICAL CLIMATES WITH RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS. Experimental Agriculture, 49(02), 279-294. Summary...
  16. Abstract, 1998, Food and Fertilizer Technology Center Increasing population growth and limited resources present a challenge to the development of Asia, especially in the impoverished uplands. The people living in the slopelands of Asia are generally plagued by poverty and constant soil erosion,...
  17. 01-12-1995 Mountain agriculture has attracted attention both for its complex adaptation to particular circumstances, and for its marginality and instability in a changing world. Irrigation plays a range of roles in mountain farming systems and their dynamics or change. Hill Irrigation examines the...
  18. SALT is a package technology of soil conservation and food production, integrating differing soil conservation measures in just one setting. Basically, SALT is a method of growing field and permanent crops in 3-meter to 5-meter wide bands between contoured rows of nitrogen fixing trees. The...
  19. 01-02-2011 Volume 3 takes the subject of better land husbandry further. The book first points out the sort of things which have been, and are being used, but are failing to deliver what is required. It then explains the causes of erosion, the theory and practice of soil and water conservation, and practical...
  20. This book is an account of one experience largely based upon the Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT) projects in the southern Philippines. It is an effort to look at the successes and failures of the first 25 years of SALT and its offshoots. It is also an effort to look at agroforestry in...

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