Neem's promise: The way to a sustainable future and eco-friendly biopesticides

Kauser Perveen  Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 11(02), 1073–1082

Modern agriculture must include pest management since pests can seriously harm crops and lower yields, resulting in considerable financial losses. Conventional chemical insecticides have been used as the main method of pest management, but their detrimental effects on the environment and human health have inspired the quest for new environmentally friendly options. In this situation, Azadirachta indica showed promise as a sustainable and eco-friendly biopesticide. This research shows many aspects for Azadirachta indica as an environment friendly biopesticide. Neem is well known for having antiviral, antiseptic, and antifungal characteristics, which make it a crucial component in remedies for many illnesses, skin disorders, and mouth care. It is also beneficial to the environment. When added to the soil, its seeds and leaves help increase the fertility of the soil and structure. Additionally, the tree's large root system helps stop soil erosion. Azadirachta indica, is a great asset in the field of pest control and agricultural sustainability due to its repellent and antifeedant qualities. These characteristics are a result of neem's bioactive substances, known as Azadirachtin which has been the subject of in-depth study and use because of its function as a natural repellent and antifeedant Azadirachtin is a potent natural insect growth regulator because it interferes with beetle feeding, molting, and reproduction. Furthermore, the eco-friendliness of azadirachtin and its safety for people and non-target animals highlight its essential function in sustainable pest management techniques, aiding in the advancement of environmentally friendly and healthier agricultural systems. The neem plant is a unique botanical gem that has enormous medicinal, farming, and cultural significance. Its adaptability and environmental friendliness make it an important resource for sustainable agriculture and human well-being. Three commercialized neem-based formulations were tested aphid, Myzus persicae, including Azatrol, Triple Action Neem Oil (70% neem oil), and Pure Neem Oil (100% neem oil) in greenhouse and laboratory settings. A bioassay using a leaf disc choice test indicated that of the established neem-based insecticides tested were effective against the aphid at the recommended concentrations. However, a doubling in the quantity of Azatrol and Triple Action Neem Oil resulted in a 50% decrease in the number of aphids landing on handled leaf tissue compared to untreated leaf tissue.

Keywords: Aphid control; Azadirachta indica; Azadirachtin; Azatrol; Biopesticide; Neem; Pest Management; Sustainable agriculture