Using earth as a shield against oxygen and to insulate the carbonising wood against excessive loss of heat is the oldest system of carbonization and surely goes back to the dawn of history. Even today it is perhaps used to make more charcoal than any other method. It is, therefore, worthy of...
The carbonization stage may be decisive in charcoal production even though it is not the most expensive one. Unless it is carried out as efficiently as possible, it puts the whole operation of charcoal production at risk since low yields in carbonisation reflect back through the whole chain of...
Properly constructed and operated brick kilns are without doubt one of the most effective methods of charcoal production. They have proved themselves over decades of use to be low in capital cost, moderate in labour requirements and capable of giving surprisingly good yields of quality charcoal...
The Tropical Products Institute (TPI), a scientific unit of the Overseas Development Administration, has gained considerable experience in operating transportable metal kilns of various designs both in the U.K. and in many developing countries. The Institute has evolved a kiln design which is...
The alternative to digging a pit is to stack the wood above the ground and cover the stack with earth. This method is also very old and is widely used in many countries. One finds many variations of the basic method. Studies have been made in some countries to optimise the design. The Swedish...
The earliest industrial, use of charcoal, more than four thousand years ago, was as a reductant for iron smelting to change iron oxide into metallic iron. But charcoal was already well known as a high grade smokeless fuel for cooking and domestic heating. With the emergence of industrial society...
1980-01-06 This book on making charcoal by the retort method is primarily for people in international development. It includes information on construction, operation, and maintenance when using the retort method. 27 pages, illustrations
1979-01-01 This report gives data obtained during the operation of the kiln using cordwood at moisture contents ranging between 27-38% (wet basis) and compares it with resultsfrom one run using coconut shells as the raw material. Production trials were carried out resulting in a modified design of a metal...
1983-01-04 This study contacted around 200 different research institutes and around 50 manufacturers of briquetting equipment with the goal of providing information for making briquettes with simple,small scale equipment powered by hand, animal or small motors. 33 pages, illustrations, photos
1980-01-06 This guide describes how to operate a transportable charcoal kiln. The kiln is made from sheet metal and can be built by local craftsmen with a workshop which has basic welding, rolling, drilling, and cutting facilities. 18 pages, illustrations, photos