ECHOcommunity更新
Empowering Tanzanian women using environmentally-conscious initiatives 2016-03-14
Waste plastic shopping bags are a plentiful resource that can be found in fields, along roadsides, and in garbage piles around the world. By repurposing this resource, MIT students in Arusha Tanzania are empowering women and improving the environment through a plastic recycling program.
The project aims to improve the lives of people in three ways: First the project aims to reduce the amount of waste plastic bags and increase environmental awareness by emphasizing the potential usefulness of "waste products." Second, the project aims to provide an economic opportunity to women by creating new products out of the plastic bags. And finally, the project provides customers with quality, environmentally-conscious products such as reusable grocery bags.
Through interactive workshops, women are learning how to create plastic yarn, or plarn, from waste plastic. Each workshop also includes a design challenge which is meant to urge participants to be creative and think of new ways to use the repurposed material. During these challenges the women are divided into teams to design an outfit using just 5 plastic bags, tape, and scissors. The exercise attempts to show the versatility of the bags and the potential of creating new products.
The Tanzanian women involved in the initiative commonly create economic income by creating artisinal products such as soap or jewelry. The plarn products add a potential additional income source with little to no cost of materials for the artisans. As the plarn makes attractive and useful reuseable shopping bags a disposable product is turned into a more durable alternativel and a new, more environmentally conscious, product is introduced into the marketplace.
ECHO TN #82 SICA, El Sistema Intensificado de Cultivo de Arroz: Menos Puede Ser Más - Está Disponible ahora en español 2016-02-26
Extracto: El Sistema Intensificado de Cultivo de Arroz (SICA) es un método de cultivar el arroz que produce las cosechas bastante más fructíferas con la siembra de muchas menos plantas de semillero y el uso de menos aportes que cualquier método tradicional (p.ej., la inundación) o más “moderno” (usar el fertilizante o agroquímicos). Este enfoque involucra usar varias prácticas para administrar las plantas, el suelo, el agua, y los nutrientes. SICA ha tenido éxito por estar usado en varios países y ha sido promovido extensivamente por el Dr. Norman Uphoff con la Universidad de Cornell.
¿Qué es SICA?
SICA involucra el uso de una combinación de las prácticas de administración que optimizan las condiciones para crecer las plantas de arroz, particularmente en la zona de las raíces. Fue desarrollado en Madagascar temprano en los 1980 por el Padre Henri de Laulaníe, un padre jesuita quien pasó más de 30 años trabajando con los agricultores en ese país. En 1990, la Asociación de Tefy Saina (ATS) se fundó como una ONG malgacha para promover SICA. Cuatro años después, el Instituto Internacional para la Agricultura, la Alimentación, y el Desarrollo (CIIFAD) [Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture, and Development] empezó colaborando con Tefy Saina para introducir el SICA alrededor del Parque Nacional Ranomafana en el este de Madagascar, respaldado por la agencia estadounidense para el desarrollo internacional. Desde entonces, ha sido probado en China, India, Indonesia, las Filipinas, Sri Lanka, y Bangladesh con resultados positivos.
A new pulse variety from the ECHO Global Seed Bank 2016-02-25
The FAO has named 2016 the Year of the Pulse. The ECHO Florida seed bank is now offering ‘Caqui’ pigeon pea seeds, a variety originally acquired from Agroforester Tropical Seeds in Hawaii. Pigeon peas are small bushing legumes that are drought tolerant and can be grown on a wide variety of soils. They are often used in intercropping, as hedgerows for windbreaks, and for shade for when establishing plantation crops. Being a legume, pigeon peas fix nitrogen and can be utilized to increase soil fertility. The foliage of pigeon peas makes an excellent livestock fodder and the stems can be used for firewood. Most notable are the edible peas, which can be shelled when young and green or harvested when mature as a dry bean
‘Caqui’ is a variety that performed very well on the global farm this winter. It is a long duration pigeon pea (about 200 days to harvest) and the branches were loaded with seed pods. If you are a member of ECHO Community (Active Development Worker or Individual Premium), you can order a trial packet of these seeds to try out in your area.
ECHO Note Technique #76 - "Production de charbon de bois dans des fours à tambour horizontaux de 200 litres" maintenant disponible en français 2016-02-18
Extrait: Jusqu’à récemment, le bois de chauffe était pris pour acquis dans le nord de la Thaïlande. Avec de vastes forêts pleines de nombreux types d’arbres, les ménages des hautes terres pouvaient se permettre d’être difficiles concernant le bois qu’ils utilisaient pour la cuisine.
Cependant, au cours des dernières années, de plus en plus de communautés font face à des restrictions d’accès aux produits forestiers en raison de la création de parcs nationaux. Dans de nombreuses régions, la déforestation causée par des activités agricoles, tels que l’intrusion des grandes plantations, entraîne également la réduction de l’accès au bois de chauffe.
Dans les communautés des hautes terres, les combustibles de cuisson de types commerciaux comme le propane ne sont pas facilement accessibles et abordables. Avec des choix limités, les communautés et les organisations de développement ont commencé à envisager les combustibles alternatifs.
Did you know? It's the year of the Pulse! 2016-02-18
The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has announced that 2016 is the "International Year of Pulses." The FAO defines pulses as a type of leguminous crop that is harvest solely for the edible dry seed. Common examples include dried beans, lentis, and peas. Packed with nutrients; these crops deliver both a high protien content and high levels of soluble fiber. Pulses are an important crop for farmers when considering improving food security and marketability. Recommended by health organizations, pulses can be beneficial to people suffering with diabetes and various heart conditions.
Since pulses are nitrogen fixing, these crops are known for improving soil fertility and extending the productivity of the land. Pulses are appropriate for small-scale farmers, often utilized in techniques such as intercropping, rotational agriculture, and as cover crops. Their versatility promotes biodiversity and assists in the minimization of pests and some diseases.
How have pulses been an important part of your work? Share in the COMMENTS.
Additional resources on pulses:
- ECHOcommunity Plant Information Sheets (pulse category)
- The ECHO Global Seedbank offers trial pulse seeds worldwide
- The ECHO Asia Seedbank offers regionally specific trial pulse seeds to those working in Asia
- The FAO has a full website dedicated to pulse resources for 2016
学校花园项目为难民学生带来希望 2016-02-09
The elementary garden club at Dalat International School in Penang, Malaysia is reaching out to help Burmese Rohyngya refugees. The club meets once a week to learn about good gardening practices and the principles behind the hydroponics. The students have been working on a small portable hydroponics unit with which they grow two types of spinach: local and Brazilian spinach, and both are growing nicely.
Through their instructor, Lisa Munson, the students have provided support for sharing this hydroponics kit with a refugee school in Penang as a way to help the students there. The students have also have shared the knowledge they have gained about sustainable gardening from their hands-on exploration.
Most of the plants at the refugee school are growing well and the students are assigned roles to care for the plants, which has been a positive opportunity for them. However, due to the issues surrounding the refugee situations, all the plants have to grow behind locked doors; there is a possibility that if plants are grown outside, they would be stolen. The indoor room condition has caused some of the plants to die, but moringa, basil, and spinach are still growing well.
More Resources:
- Some of the seeds for this project were sourced from the ECHO Asia Seed bank.
- Community garden resources and Community Garden Toolkit [PDF]
Resources on hydroponics
EDN Issue 130 - Now Available 2016-01-25
In This Issue:
- Tire Contaminants from a Container Gardening Perspective
- Cyantesmo Paper for Detecting Cyanide
- Effective Use of Workshops in Agriculture Extension
- Echoes From Our Network
- From ECHO’s Seed Bank: Vegetable Seed Highlights (See PDF Version)
- Books, Websites and Other Resources (See PDF Version)
Excerpt: Tire Contaminants from a Container Gardening Perspective
When trying to find affordable planting containers in the developing world, organizations and workers all over have promoted the use of a readily-available waste resource: tires. Over the years, many have asked whether or not tires contain harmful chemicals that could potentially be taken up by your crops. This article is written to communicate what we found from our search of literature on this topic.
Much of the literature on the subject pertains to tires that have been recycled into small particles. In comparison to the side wall of a tire container, the tire surface area in contact with growing media is much greater with small chunks of rubber. Much of the information available also pertains to toxins in the ash of burnt tires, or those leached from tire material subjected to strongly acidic solutions. Tire garden containers, of course, are not being converted to ash.
Furthermore, the media used to grow plants in tires is not nearly as acidic as the solutions often used to study contaminants in tire leachate.
Nevertheless, tires do contain trace amounts of four metals that are known to be toxic to humans. Most of the discussion below relates to metallic elements, but there is also brief discussion of organic contaminants. The article concludes with suggested practices to make tire gardening as safe as possible...
Download and share ECHO Development Note #130
ECHO Research Blog Update 2016-01-07
Dr. Tim Motis recently posted a follow up to his July 2015 post on ECHO's 2-4-2 maize/cowpea trial. This update presents some of the data that has been collected to date.
When the legumes were sampled in July, the above-ground biomass of both weeds and legumes were sampled. Weeds made up less than 3% of the biomass in cowpea and jackbean plots. Weed biomass in the mucuna plots was statistically similar to that with cowpea and jackbean. Legume biomass was greater with jackbean (2.9 tonnes per hectare) than cowpea (1.9 tonnes per hectare) and mucuna (1.6 tonnes per hectare)...
For the full results, methodology and charts read the full blog posting (Login Required).
Your feedback is appreciated, be sure to post in the blog post's comments.
Related Resources:
- Legume Intercropping: Trial Update (Dec 2015)
- Maize 2-4-2 Legume Intercropping: Trial Update (July 2015)
- Presentation poster by Bob Hargrave on this study prepared for the ECHO International Agriculture Conference in 2015
ECHOcommunity Member Spotlight: Charles and Melissa Johnson 2015-12-09
My wife, Melissa, and I first learned of ECHO and the training courses offered after we applied for a development position in Zambia with Presbyterian World Mission. Although my background is in agriculture and banking here in the U.S., I wanted to acquire more specific knowledge which would benefit our work in Zambia. Our expectations were exceeded, not only with regard to the course materials, but also with the new friends we made; friends who are on a similar journey.
Beyond the knowledge we’ve gained, we have made friends who we remain in contact with, sharing information, resources and experiences to benefit each other in our work. We are confident our work in Eastern Zambia will benefit from our ECHO experiences.
ECHO is excited to announce the 2016 Training and Events schedule. There are events in Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central America/Caribbean, and North America.
In addition to our Tropical Agriculture Development: The Basics course, ECHO is pleased to offer three new tropical agriculture workshops for a total of five training opportunities next year.
Workshops, forums, conferences and training opportunities around the world can be found on the ECHOcommunity Calendar. ECHOcommunity members can add their organizations events to the calendar at no charge (some restrictions apply). To submit your event fill out the Contact Form.
Agriculture Extension with Community-Level Workers 2015-11-24
Lessons and Practices from Community Health and Community Animal Health Programs
By: Brian Flanagan as a USAID-funded Modernizing Extension and Advisory Services (MEAS; www.meas.illinois.edu) project
Active learning and exchange of knowledge are key to farmer adoption of beneficial agricultural innovations. Community health worker (CHW) and community animal health worker (CAHW) programs have led to a rich body of knowledge about extension, much of which is applicable to efforts aimed towards small-scale farmers. Drawn from the literature on these programs, this document captures key lessons and practices relevant to developing, implementing, and sustaining effective community agriculture extension endeavors. The objective of this paper is to inform and strengthen agricultural extension programs that provide services through community-level workers.
This paper reviews CHW and CAHW case studies, peer-reviewed articles, guidelines and project reports for purposes of identifying lessons and practices that could enhance the effectiveness of community extension worker programs. Lessons learned, as well as specific ways (practices) to apply those lessons, are identified for each of six developmental stages that the author found were characteristic of successful CHW and CAHW programs and relevant to agricultural community extension. Those six stages are: 1) designing a program, 2) recruiting and selecting of community workers, 3) training of community workers, 4) supervising of community workers, 5) scaling-up programs, and 6) sustaining programs over time. Key lessons and practices for each stage are listed in table form and then elaborated upon in the text.