Biodiversity is declining steadily throughout the world [113]. The current rate of extinction is largely the result of direct and indirect human activities [95]. Building accurate knowledge of the identity and the geographic distribution of plants is essential for future biodiversity conservation [69]. Therefore, rapid and accurate plant identification is essential for effective study and management of biodiversity.

 --  Jana Wäldchen, Patrick Mäder



  1. Some 3 billion people in the world live outside the cash economy in the world’s poorest nations. Food security and regular supply are their daily concerns. Chronic malnutrition is a leading cause of death and disease for them. Young children are amongst the most affected. One child every 5-10...
  2. Welcome to Plants of the World Online (POWO) which is an international collaborative programme that has as a primary aim to make available digitized data of the world’s flora gathered from the past 250 years of botanical exploration and research. POWO also aims to make freely available electronic...
  3. World Flora Online is the international initiative to achieve Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation and provides a global overview of the diversity of plant species. It is the essential tool for conservation planners, policymakers and practitioners at all levels.
  4. Feedipedia is an open access information system on animal feed resources that provides information on nature, occurrence, chemical composition, nutritional value and safe use of nearly 1400 worldwide livestock feeds. Feedipedia is a joint project ofINRA(Institut National de la Recherche...
  5. The ECOCROP database was developed by the Land and Water Division of FAO as a tool to identify plant species for given environments and uses, and as an information system contributing to a Land Use Planning concept. The database was developed inthe 1990sand provides information for more than 2000...
  6. The name "EcoPort" is a composite acronym derived from the words 'Ecology andPortal'. EcoPort is a single, open-society, contiguous, communal,wikiintegrated with aRelational Databaseand its Management System (RDBMS)on the Internet. This is why we refer to it as arelationalwiki.
  7. A tool designed to support the identification of host material during citrus pest and disease surveys by industry and government agency personnel. Find a tool, app, or screening aid Ant Key Citrus Pests Key Citrus Diseases Key Palm ID Key Citrus ID Key Palm Pests Palm Symptoms
  8. In this rapidly changing world, there has developed an urgent necessity to learn about our world-wide biota. Scientists are predicting that species declines will approach historical mass extinction levels within this century. The neotropics have been shown to contain some of the richest levels of...
  9. The Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) is an international effort, led by the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History, to raise awareness and understanding of living nature by providing free, open, multilingual, digital access to trusted information on all known species. EOL can be...
  10. Based on the immensely popular six-part BBC program that aired in the United States during the fall of 1995, this book offers what writer/filmmaker David Attenborough is best known for delivering: an intimate view of the natural world wherein a multitude of miniature dramas unfold. In the program...
  11. 01/01/1960 This book deals with the internal structure of extant seed plants. Angiosperms are emphasized, but the features of the vegetative parts of gymnosperms also are reviewed. For the angiosperms the anatomy of the flower, fruit, and seed is described in the concluding chapters.
  12. The database contains photographs of plants from East Africa in a broad geographical sense. You can search for scientific or vernacular names (or parts thereof, no wildcard necessary) via free text (in: “What are you looking for”) You can browse through a taxonomic hierarchy starting with family...
  13. An authoritative text/reference on the structure and development of seed plants. Presents the latest concepts in plant anatomy through experimental, histochemical, and ultrastructural approaches to the study of biological material. Includes new concepts and terms; expanded sections on flower,...
  14. The only global database of living plant, seed and tissue collections: Search 1,471,901 collection records, representing 583,717 taxa, at 1,154 contributing institutions Locate threatened, rare, medicinal and other plant species in living collections Connect with living collections to aid your...
  15. Botanic Garden Meise is a centre of excellence for science and horticulture. We are responsible for safeguarding the heritage of the past and for providing a legacy for the future. Not only do we look after beautiful plant collections, but also historic buildings, one of the largest herbaria in...
  16. This is a checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi. The original data was created by combining information the digitisedFlora d’Afrique Centralewith data from the African Plants Database, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families and from...
  17. The database contains photographs of plants from West Africa in a broad geographical sense, mainly from the savanna regions. You can search for scientific or vernacular names (or parts thereof, no wildcard necessary) via free text (in: “What are you looking for”) You can browse through a...
  18. The database contains photographs of plants fromCentral Africa in a broad geographical sense, mainly from therain forestregions. You can search for scientific or vernacular names (or parts thereof, no wildcard necessary) via free text (in: “What are you looking for”) You can browse through a...
  19. 01/01/1987 Tropical Plant Science meets a long-felt need for a comprehensive Botany textbook for tropical countries. The result of years of careful research, the book is based on African botanical material and is especially suitable for the student of Africa.
  20. Wonderfully useful and complete, this little book includes common name cross-references, geographical distribution, and name origins, all at a bargain price. Pronunciations given are decidedly Britannic, but this seems a trivial matter in a book that fills so essential a need so conveniently. 2...
  21. Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics Neotropikey is an international project based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, developing identification and information resources for the flowering plants of the Neotropical region (tropical South and Central...
  22. The GRIN-Global project's mission is to provide a scalable version of the Germplasm Resource Information Network(GRIN)suitable for use by any interested genebank in the world. The GRIN-Global database platform has been and is being implemented at various genebanks around the world. For more...
  23. 01/01/1976 This book includes a record of the astonishingly rich and diverse flora of cultived plants of the United States, Canada, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.
  24. 01/01/1957 Exotica is a comprehensive and contemporary pictorial record of ornamental plants introduced from far-flung tropical and warm-climate regions of the world. The object of this reference work is to acquaint friends of horticulture with the vast variety of interesting decorative plants which may be...
  25. Abstract,Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 2018 Species knowledge is essential for protecting biodiversity. The identification of plants by conventional keys is complex, time consuming, and due to the use of specific botanical terms frustrating for non-experts. This creates a hard...
  26. Abstract,Intelligent Computing Methodologies. ICIC 2017 In most of classic plant identification methods a dichotomous or multi-access key is used to compare characteristics of leaves. Some questions about if the analyzed leaves are lobed, unlobed, simple or compound need to be answered to...
  27. PROTA stands for Plant Resources of Tropical Africa . It is an international documentation programme on the useful plants of Tropical Africa. It synthesizes dispersed information, makes it readily available in various forms and stimulates its use for extension, education, research, development...
  28. 20/01/2017 Despite the significant impacts of alien plant species (IAS), there has not been a concerted effort to tackle the problem across the region. This can mainly be ascribed to a lack of policy, little awareness and limited capacity at a national and regional level. The UN Environment-Global...
  29. 20/01/2017 Both in Ethiopia and in the countries of East Africa, the continuing proliferation and spread of invasive alien species (IAS) is now recognized as a serious problem, which needs to be addressed. While this situation has improved dramatically over the past 10 years, further progress has been...
  30. Canopeo is a rapid and accurate green canopy cover measurement tool. Use this app to quantify the percent canopy cover of live green vegetation for any agricultural crop, turf, or grassland based on downward-facing photos taken with your mobile device.
  31. The potential natural vegetation (PNV) map of eastern and southern Africa covers the countries Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zambia. The first version of the map was developed by variouspartners in East Africa and Europein 2010 and has now reachedversion 2. The...
  32. The quickest and safest way to learn foraging is with a local expert. You not only learn what there is to know but do not spend time learning things you don’t need to know. Further, you also get the local angle on plants, important information that is usually not found in foraging books published...
  33. Welcome to worldcrops.org!This website was established to provide information on sustainable production and marketing practices for crops popular among the large and growing immigrant populations in the United States. Our emphasis is on crops that can be grown in the Northeastern U.S. since much...
  34. Plants For A Future(PFAF) is an online free-to-use information database and associated website for those interested in edible and useful plants. Originally focused on plants suitable fortemperate regions, it has now been extended to include many of the more important tropical and sub-tropical...
  35. ll of us like to look at those pretty flowers blooming all around, especially during winter and spring. Remember that tree laden with yellow flowers, which hang like bunches of grapes? How often have you wondered:What's that flower?Nobody around you seems to know the answer. There was a time,...
  36. Abstract,Plant Methods, 2017 Automated species identification is a long term research subject. Contrary to flowers and fruits, leaves are available throughout most of the year. Offering margin and texture to characterize a species, they are the most studied organ for automated identification....
  37. PlantSnap is a mobile app that helps you identify plants, flowers, trees, cacti and mushrooms. Simply snap a photo of the plant, and PlantSnap tells you what it is! PlantSnap can currently recognize 90% of all known species of plants and trees, which covers most of the species you will encounter...
  38. 06/06/2013 Looking for a faster, easier, and engaging way to identify plants? Related plants have similar characteristics, and they often have similar uses. Rather than learning new plants one-at-a-time, it is possible to learn them by the hundreds, based on plant family patterns. Each family of related...
  39. TheUseful Tropical Plants Databasecontains information on the edible, medicinal and many other uses of several thousand plants that can be grown in tropical regions. It is very much a work in progress, with new records being entered and older records being updated on a regular basis.
  40. WIKTROP is a geographical extension of WIKWIO portal to tropical and mediterranean areas around the world. It aims to strengthen science and technology orientation to achieving food security by enhancing agricultural productivity in the tropical and mediterranean areas.
  41. Welcome to ITIS, the Integrated Taxonomic Information System! Here you will find authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world. We are apartnershipof U.S.,Canadian, andMexicanagencies (ITIS-North America); other organizations; and...
  42. The PLANTS Database provides standardized information about the vascular plants, mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and lichens of the U.S. and its territories.
  43. TheMultilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND), hosts more than one search engine related to international botanical taxonomy and plant references. It also offers access to a massive collective of indexes, lists and references for a wide range of plant groups including bamboos,...

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