ဤအရာ Publication သင်၏ဘာသာစကားတွင်မရှိပါ။, တွင်..ကြည့်ပါ။: English (en),
သို့မဟုတ် ဂူဂယ်ဘာသာပြန်ကိုအသုံးပြုပါ။:  

General Technical Documents (English)

အရင်းအမြစ်အားလုံးသို့ English ဘာသာဖြင့် ပြန်သွားရန်



  1. UHDP Insect Study
    INTEGRATIVE CULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT, 2009-2010, Marcia Croft This project focused on studying insect diversity, specifically related to an agricultural context, in Northern Thailand. This study was conducted at an agricultural research center focusing on helping local ethnic minorities...



  2. Eleusine coracana - Finger millet
    A millet grass. It is an annual grass. It is robust and forms many tillers or young shoots from the base. It grows 40-120 cm tall. The stems are somewhat flattened. The leaves are narrow. The flower heads are made up of 2-7 finger like spikes. These spikes are 1.5 cm across and 10-15 cm long....



  3. The Auger Bit Oil Press
    As I studied more about Moringa seed, I learned that its valuable edible oil and this led me to start researching ways of extracting the oil. There are commercial chemical extractions, but these are too costly for the tribal people we work with. There are also cold and warm commercial presses,...



  4. Manual for Installation of Chapin Bucket Drip Systems and Demonstration Trials of Cabbage
    A photo-based manual on bucket drip irrigation, produced by Steven Kovach (PhD), in conjunction with a Winrock training event in Guinea.



  5. Riparian Reforestation in Nicaragua
    Robert Walle - 2003 - DSEA Zamorano Nicaragua Slide 1 Community meeting to explain the road reparation and the protection of the infiltration gallery downstream from sedimentation from eroding streambank. Local concerns were expressed to also fix the existing wells used by the community, in...



  6. Keyhole gardens
    This resource generously provided for publication by Global Service Corps. Over the last two years keyhole gardens have been promoted in different communities throughout different programmes in African countries. They are popular and productive across vastly different environments and cultures....



  7. Maresha minimal tillage plow and seeder
    ECHO East Africa staff have worked with Neil Rowe-Miller,Agriculture and Livelihoods Technical Advisor at Tearfund, and the local community around Arusha, Tanzania, to help adapt the Ethiopian Maresha plow for smallholder conservation agriculture applications. The attached drawings are from May,...



  8. Creating Nursery Potting Mix
    An ECHO developed resource.



  9. Where There is No Farm Advisor
    In the present global climate of food shortages and price increases in food and fuel, it is more important than ever that communities improve local, sustainable food production. This handbook is a preliminary resource to introduce to you methods and concepts in tropical agriculture, and to assist...





  10. Strengthening Informal Indigenous Seed Systems in Southeast Asia
    With support from USAID’s Horticulture Collaborative Research Support Program (Hort CRSP), Educational Concerns for Hunger Organization’s Asia Impact Center (ECHO Asia), Maejo University, Thailand, and the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) initiated efforts in 2010 to begin strengthening...



  11. Vermiculture_Garden_Composting
    Benefits 1. Efficient recycling of clean vegetable residues. 2. Feed and multiply earthworms to populate a garden area of up to 1000 sq. ft. (32’ X 32’). 3. Protect young worms from animal predators. 4. Worm numbers per bed increased 25 fold, over 6 months at ECHO in N. Fort Meyers, FL. 5....



  12. Building the Bank
    A community seed bank can compare favourably with its High-Tech cousin.



  13. Appropriate Construction Technologies for Community Development
    Geoffrey Wheeler,Center for Vocational Building Technology Appropriate Construction Technologies for God's People, their Animals and Grain There are many appropriate building technologies available. How environmental friendly are they? Earthquake resistant? Typhoon resistant? How can we introduce...



  14. Germination as an Effective Method for Processing Jack Bean for Human Consumption



  15. Seed Bank Harvest Report - PDF



  16. Technical Details on the Microgardening Production System
    By Abdoulaye Seck The Microgardening technology is mainly based on 1 or 0.5 m2 wood tables and therefore, can be installed everywhere. Land is an issue in peri-urban/urban and even in some rural areas. The technology can be installed everywhere in household compounds (even in terraces and...



  17. Transition and Third Culture Kid Resources
    Echo International Agricultural Conference Ellen Hargrave – Africa Inland Mission: ellen.hargrave@aimint.org



  18. Seed Bank Harvest Report - DOC
  19. Wicking Bed / 100 Fold Garden
    This document was provided by Lance Edwards as an outline of the process of building a 100 Fold Vegetable Garden using Foundation for Farming principles. He includes a description of wicking bed technology by Colin Austin The irrigator’s dilemma If the irrigator applies frequent but shallow...
  20. Nephrolepis biserrata
    Edible:





  21. Dryland Farming: Crops & Techniques for Arid Regions
    In every region of the world it is necessary to find or develop appropriate techniques for agriculture. A large part of the surface of the world is arid, characterized as too dry for conventional rain fed agriculture. Yet, millions of people live in such regions, and if current trends in...



  22. ECHO Community Garden Toolkit
    The purpose of this resource is to suggest several key considerations for beginning a small garden project. This information is meant to be a guideline to better assist you in the organization and implementation of particular elements crucial to making a garden project successful. While each...



  23. Grain Huller for Rice, Spelt Wheat, Quinoa, and Millet
    Allen Dong and Roger Edberg, I-Tech, Public domain, 1989. Short grain rice can be hulled at a rate of 200 g/min. The percentage of rice hulled varies from 75 to 99% depending on the rice cultivars, the spacing between the stationary rubber disk and the rotating abrasive disk, and uniformit of...



  24. Agri-Plus - Agriculture Project Sustainability Checklist
    The purpose of this document is not necessarily to answer each question with a yes or no, but rather as a bullet point list to help think through strengths and weaknesses of starting a new project or revisiting an existing project. Not all the questions apply in every situation. It is another...





  25. Fill It Full: A Simple Way to Reduce Weevil Damage in Maize Seed Stored in Airtight Containers
    Postharvest losses inflicted by insect pests in stored grains represent major challenge smallholder famers face in the global South. The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) is one of the most important postharvest pests in maize. With dry maize stored in woven polypropylene bags, Likhayo et al....



  26. Edible Plants of Teso, Uganda
    This resource of wild edible plants in Uganda was contributed by Sara Sytsma. She shared: I ask people in the villages to teach me about different plants they eat.I started on a "book" with the information I could collect so far.Some Ugandan agricultural development staff have helped me too. If...



  27. Black Soldier Fly Production - Farmers Guide
    Instruction manual for Kenyan smallholder farmers to start with the production of Black Soldier Fly Larvae as substitute for omena and soy in animal feed.
  28. Mobile Aquaponics System
    This system was designed by Daniel Brännström. You can view a video of this system here:http://edn.link/aquavideo The goal of this project is to place the fish farm in a 20 foot cargo container and connecting to the plant beds in a greenhouse or outdoor.In a standard 20 foot (about 6 m long)...



  29. Mobile Aquaponics System
    This system was designed by Daniel Brännström. You can view a video of this system here:http://edn.link/aquavideo The goal of this project is to place the fish farm in a 20 foot cargo container and connecting to the plant beds in a greenhouse or outdoor.In a standard 20 foot (about 6 m long)...
  30. Mkulima Mbunifu
    Januari, 2016,Toleo la 40 Mkulima Mbunifu (MkM) ni jarida linalotoa elimu ya kilimo.





  31. Insects: Controlling Pests
    This book describes a range of natural methods for controlling insect pests without recourse to commercial pesticides. Readers wishing to find out more about conservation agriculture may like to download free of charge the Shell Book Two Farmers Talking about Conservation Agriculture Part of a...



  32. Earthbag House Construction Guide
    This document presents key steps the ECHO Asia staffused to build an Earth Bag Seed Storage House on the new ECHO Asia Small Farm Resource Center in Thailand.



  33. Design and Fabrication of Run off River (ROR) Pump
    Pandey, Bishal,Dhakal, Prabin,Bhatta, Nabin,Giri, Bibek,Rimal, Samita,Kayastha, Atmaram,2016/08/01, This project is aimed to fabricate the water pumping machine. Due to the topographical variation in Nepal’s Himalayan regions, people are facing problems of water in both drinking and irrigation...



  34. Design, fabrication and testing of river water pump for rural communities
    Khanal, Paras, Acharya, Shyamhari, Shrestha, Milan, Chitrakar, Sailesh, Neopane, Hari, 2021/08/01 This paper presents development of river water pump that can operate without fuel and electricity mostly applicable in rural communities that are close to a water stream. The river water pump...



  35. ECHO Article Submission Example



  36. Problem: Damping Off
    Compiled by Gabe LePage, ECHO Florida Intern, 2018 Causes: Soil Borne Pathogens Seed Borne Pathogens Factors: Excessive Soil Moisture Excessive Overhead Misting Lower soil temperatures before emergence Higher soil temperatures after emergence



  37. Positive effects of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala seed and leaf extracts against selected bacteria
    2024-01-20 Moringa oleifera is hailed as the “miracle tree” for its impressive catalog of nutritional, medicinal, and water purification benefits. A (sub)tropical plant with a rapid growth rate (3–5 m in a single season), Moringa has proven beneficial in multiple ways in developing regions around the world....
  38. Cambodian Food Culture
    2023-03-31 by Sovanneary Huot, Dr. David Ader, Dr. Srean Pao, Dr. Ricky Bates, and Hans Goertz This recipe and nutrition guide is written in Khmer and focuses on wild food plants, sometimes called neglected and underutilized species, of the country of Cambodia. Smallholders forage and/or cultivate plants...



  39. Beyond Borders: Satellite Applications for Humanitarian Emergencies
    2022-08-20 Humanitarian actors continually make complex decisions in the preparation for, and response to, humanitarian emergencies. Digital technologies support these decisionmaking processes by providing large volumes of high-quality data that enables insight. The term “digital data for development (D4D)”...



  40. Coffee Silverskin
    2022-07-01 Coffee silverskin is high in nutrients, but contains recalcitrant and phytotoxic compounds, limiting its use as a mulch or soil amendment. Fortunately, composting can reduce or eliminate these problems. Composition Figure 1. Components of the coffee cherry. (Narita and Inouye 2014) Coffee...



  41. Modern Beekeeping Practice and Honey Production - Nigeria's untapped goldmine
    2022-01-20 Submitted by the author for publication on ECHOcommunity : 2022 Yusuf Olufade No book on beekeeping can cover everything about such a vast subject, and so a decision was taken to steer the reader towards the practical rather than the theoretical side of the subject. It is hoped that, by doing so,...



  42. Food Safety Strategy for Africa 2022 - 2036
    2022-01-20 Food safety is poised to play a key role in Africa’s agricultural transformation due increased demand for food fueled by the continent’s rapid population growth and the entry into force of the exciting era of the African Continental Free Trade (AfCFTA) Area Agreement. Within the broader context...



  43. Test Issue - Want to see preview work with background job
    2021-06-24 Here is a test





  44. ECHO quick photo guide of insect pest damage vs. other crop damage
    2021-04-07 Insect feeding damageor other insect activity can look similar to many bacterial, fungal, or viral diseases or to plant nutrient deficiency symptoms. Before taking action against an assumed insect pest, verify that the symptoms you observe are not caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal...





  45. Technical Sheet for the Intensive Rice Cultivation System (IRS) in Timbuktu, Mali
    2020-10-20 French only





  46. Soil Testing Guidelines - CFGB
    2020-04-20 Soil infertility is a key constraint to improving crop production for small-scale farmers. Soils throughout Canadian Foodgrains Bank members’ program areas are degraded and deficient in nutrients and organic matter. Soil testing measures the soil’s health and nutrient holding capacity and...





  47. BURMESE Animal integration and feeding strategies for the tropical smallholder farm
    2019-10-05 Animal integration and feeding strategies for the tropical smallholder farm: Approaches and methods for increasing sustainability and profitability Copyright 2019 Keith Mikkelson – ECHO Asia Impact Center



  48. Maize Armyworm and Stalk Borer Scouting
    2018-04-20 The introduction of Fall Armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) to Africa in 2016 has raised concerns of possible widespread damage of maize and other crops. Stalk borers are a common pest of maize throughout Africa, causing modest damage virtually every year. Armyworms, on the other hand, can...



  49. Livestock to Markets (L2M) - Action Plan
    2018-03-08 This is an ACTION PLAN based on participation of representatives from three East Africa countries in the L2M Working Group. The group developed a common framework to guide their discussion and understanding of all the elements that influence the development of a Livestock to Markets Business...



  50. Rangelands Group Framework Worksheet
    2018-03-08 This worksheet was used at the 3rd ECHO East Africa PastoralistSymposium by a group generating a joint voluntary plan of action includingpolicy and legislation inhibiting or needed, social and cultural approaches that inhibit or could add value,economic tools,and natural resources governance.



  51. Sustained Rangeland Improvement with Special Reference to the Laikipia Controversies
    2018-03-08 I have spent over fifty years working in East African Rangelands studying wildlife in National Parks and ranches or helping pastoralists in northern Kenya and consulting in Tanzania. The situation has changed unpredictably and dramatically since my original research in the Queen Elizabeth...





  52. Permaculture For Refugees in Camps
    2018-02-20 PermacultureForRefugees (P4R) has released their first booklet in a series to bring permaculture solutions to refugee situations. Permaculture for Refugees in Camps is a 20 page how-to guide outlining a positive approaches to transforming refugee camps. It is the culmination of ideas, experience...



  53. Bicycle Pump Vacuum Sealer for Seed Storage
    2018-01-20 Storing seeds in the tropics can often be difficult; with high temperatures and humid conditions, seeds lose their ability to germinate quickly. Many techniques for seed storage exist, from the high-tech standards of gene banks to simple methods used by villagers for saving their own seeds. All...



  54. Moringa oleifera f-sand Filters for Sustainable Water Purification
    2017-11-22 ABSTRACT: Environmental Science & Technology, 2017 The purpose of this work is to determine parameters for the design of a Moringa seed sand filter for water purification. Moringa oleifera seeds containing cationic antimicrobial proteins have been used as natural coagulants for the removal of...



  55. ECHO Crop Information Sheet
    2017-05-08 ECHO reguguarly keeps track of crop porduction records especially for crops disseminated from our Global Seed Bank. This fillable form is the sheet ECHO staff (mainly interns) use when evaluating a crop for it's potential use and distribution to ECHO's Network. This form can also be used to...





  56. Principles to Guide Conservation Agriculture Programming - CFGB
    2017-04-20 Conservation Agriculture (CA)—characterized by the three linked principles of minimizing soil disturbance, permanently covering the soil, and including crop rotations and associations – has proven effective at restoring soil health and fertility, improving the capture and use of rainfall, and...



  57. Parthenium hysterophorus
    2017-02-09 Parthenium hysterophorus, also known as carrot top, white top weed, and fever few is a fairly new invasive weed but has quickly become one of the worst weeds to tropical areas(CABI 2015). In Ethiopia it is known as Farmasissa which means “sign your land away” (IAPPS 2016). Originally from Central...



  58. Greenhouse Gardening for the Purpose of Self-Sustaining Ministry in the Former Soviet Union
    2017-01-20 This paper is shared as acase study of a greenhouse project in a cold climate. It contains information on the benefits of greenhouses in a temperate setting. Technical details provide practical considerations ingreenhouseconstruction, some of which would also apply to tropical settings. We noted,...



  59. Building Living Garden Soil With a Worm Tower
    2017-01-20 Using worms to create Living Soil results in : Nutrition: Delicious, nutrient-rich plants. Vitality: Plants growing in living soils are inherently stronger and need less protection, allowing low input food production methods to be used. Drought tolerance: Nutrients are in colloidal states rather...



  60. List of Short Season Crops Appropriate for Haiti
    2016-10-26 This document was originally prepared in response to hurricane Matthew in 2016. As organizations are responding to Hurricane Matthew damage in Haiti and in other parts of the Caribbean, they are developing short, medium, and long term plans of how to respond. With much of the damage in Haiti...
  61. Sustainable Nutrition Manual, 2nd Edition (2016)
    2016-01-20 SustainableNutrition means having a permanent diet of good, healthy food and water,combinedwith healthy living conditions. If something is sustainable it means it cankeep going, it can be sustained.So to have Sustainable Nutritionwe need to look first at ourselves, our diet (what weeat and...



  62. Agricultural Prosperity for Dry Africa
    2016-01-19 Prof. Dov Pasternak working in Israel, was among the pioneers of drip irrigation. He researched irrigation with saline water and conducted domestication of arid land crops. He received a UNESCO Chair for his work on desert research. For over 10 years Prof. Pasternak worked as Principal Scientist...



  63. Case Study: Global Websites – Improving Access for Global Agricultural Extension
    2016-01-01 ECHO exists to reduce hunger and improve lives through agricultural training and resources. Working through the internet and regional impact centers around the world, ECHO connects small-scale farmers, and those working to eliminate world hunger, with essential resources and each other. These...



  64. EX-Post Evaluation of the Introduction and Promotion of Grain Amaranth Program in Eastern Africa
    2014-07-01 World Renew’s (formerly Christian Reformed World Relief Committee or CRWRC) work on introduction and promotion of grain amaranth in East Africa began in 1999 in 2 villages, Ngaamba and Kalonzoni, in the semi-arid part of the Machakos District of Kenya. World Renew staff, Tom Post and Francis...



  65. Planning for a Schoolyard or Community Garden
    2013-12-01 Brad Ward has many years of experience in agricultural finance as a loan officer and underwriter, and has reviewed and advised on hundreds of business and farm plans. Currently he works on the North Coast of Honduras as the farm manager for Cornerstone Farm/Hospital Loma de Luz. He also works...
  66. Nitrate Soil Test Instructions (HANNA and Vernier ISE)
    2013-01-31 This is a laboratory protocol that outlines methodsof extracting, and analyzingNO3- from soil.



  67. F.A.I.T.H Gardening
    2010-05-20 Food Always in the Home as modifed by Larry Yarger, ECHO, 2010 under the auspices of the Asian Rural Life Development Foundation, International Most rural areas of the world subsist on growing food, with food security top-of-mind for most agrarian communities.Believe it or not, there are still...



  68. Saving Your Own Vegetable Seeds
    2010-01-20 A Guide for Farmers AVRDC



  69. Technical Details on the Microgardening Production System
    2010-01-20 The Microgardening technology is mainly based on 1 or 0.5 m2 wood tables and therefore, can be installed everywhere. Land is an issue in peri-urban/urban and even in some rural areas. The technology can be installed everywhere in household compounds (even in terraces and balconies) to replace...





  70. Foundation for Farming (FfF) Practices Workshop
    2010-01-20





  71. Bio-Gas Manual
    2010-01-20



  72. Utility of canopy management in Cashew nut production
    2009-02-20 Babli M and Nayak MG.,Biomolecue Reports, 2009 Cashew, an important horticultural crop, is gaining importance as an important rain fed tree crop both in traditional and nontraditional regions of the country. The demand for raw nuts for processing by Indian Cashew Processing Factories is ever...



  73. Evaluating Postharvest Practices to Improve Sweet Potato Storage and Culinary Characteristics
    2009-01-20 Curing sweet potatoes right after harvest improves culinary quality and reduces postharvest losses caused by diseases and skinning. This practice, however, is seldom applied by growers in Mississippi suggesting suboptimal conditions and quality for marketing in addition to losses to postharvest...
  74. Keyhole gardens in Lesotho
    2008-01-20 The district of Mafeteng was selected for a pilot project carried out between November 2004 and May 2008 to support food and nutrition security and livelihoods of vulnerable HIV-affected communities, in particular orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). This initiative was supported under the...



  75. Sustainable Small-Scale Nursery Production
    2008-01-20 Sustainable nursery practices can increase plant marketability and reduce a nursery’s impact on the environment. This publication focuses on the sustainable production of woody and herbaceous nursery plants, both in containers and in the fi eld. It is not a primer for inexperienced growers, but a...



  76. Gardening on Rooftops: the last agricultural frontier
    2008-01-01 Low cost, low technology, lightweight methods to produce food on rooftops and other locations above the ground. Introduction As this is being written, food riots in Port-au-Prince, Haiti are making the news. Food riots and demonstrations are starting to occur in other cities in other impoverished...
  77. Vegetative Propagation Techniques
    2007-11-18 This manual was produced by Roots of Peace under USAID subcontract No. GS-10F- 0359M, Task Order #306-M-00-05-00515-00, Afghanistan Alternative Livelihoods Program for the Eastern Region. It was written by Ferenc Sandor of Roots of Peace, with support from Juan Estrada of DAI for the use by Roots...



  78. ECHO Compendium of Warm Climate Fruits
    2007-01-20 This book features both common and hard-to-find fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices and bamboo for Southwest Florida. It includes fruiting trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, fruiting vines, brambles, tropical vegetables, herbs, spices, bamboo, tropical and subtropical fruit tree ripening chart,...



  79. The Turbidity Tube: Simple and Accurate Measurement of Turbidity in the Field
    2006-01-20 Turbidity is an important water quality parameter in drinking water provision and treatment. The equipment typically used to measure turbidity can be quite expensive, and often provides results which are more precise and accurate than necessary. This high cost is a barrier to many projects in the...



  80. Tippy Tap II
    2005-01-20 The Tippy Tap II (Lifewater International)is a modified design of the Tippy Tap that is easier to make and easy to use. The Tippy Tap II can be made from any container of about one to four litres capacity. A jug with a handle works best, but a Tippy Tap II can be made from any plastic container,...





  81. A Natural Farming System For Sustainable Agriculture In the Tropics
    2005-01-20 This book is an important work for tropical agriculture. There are very few resources that are truly “organic” and practical for the everyday farmer in the tropical setting. This book covers material that is extremely useful for the day-to-day operation of a farm or garden. It contains planning...
  82. Livestock Services and the Poor
    2004-01-20 This Report is a joint product of IFAD, DANIDA, World Bank, DAAS, University of Reading and national institutions in Bangladesh, Bolivia, Denmark, India and Kenya. The judgements made herein do not necessarily reflect their views. Designations employed in this Report do not imply the expression...



  83. Coconut Farm Diversification
    2001-05-20 For a long time, coconut farmers were able to live with the fate of declining harvests and incomes. In view of the current prices, this is no longer possible. It needs changes. The best option coconut farmers have to improve their livelihood is to diversify their farms. Fortunately, common...



  84. The Eave Trough Garden
    1993-05-19 The goal of ECHO's rooftop gardening project is to develop gardens that are: exceptionally lightweight inexpensive uncomplicated to build and maintain



  85. African Farm Management
    1988-01-19 Farm management is the study and application of the principles of economics, management, and agriculture to farm production within a particular environment. A farm management text written for an African audience, therefore, includes management and economic principles and applications from the...



  86. Permaculture in Humid Landscapes
    1981-01-19 The humid landscape is water controlled, and unless it is an extremely new landscape- volcanic or newly faulted--it has softly rounded outlines. When you are walking up the valley, or walking on the ridge, observe that there is a rounded 'S' shaped profile to the hills. Where the landscape turns...



  87. Outlines of perennial crop breeding in the tropics
    1969-01-19 In predominantly agricultural tropical countries the need to raise the production of good-quality foodstuffs and raw material is today greater than ever. The rise in production efficiency, so essential for our very existence, can be obtained only partly by improved cultural practices, increased...