Cultures céréalières

Les cultures céréalières produisent des graines sèches comestibles qui peuvent être stockées pendant de longues périodes. Les vraies céréales font partie de la famille des graminées. Les autres cultures ressemblant aux céréales sont appelées pseudo-céréales. La plupart des céréales sont de bonnes sources de protéines, de glucides et de vitamines B. Les cultivars sont très variables dans leurs adaptations saisonnières et climatiques. Les cultures céréalières sont habituellement plantées au début de la saison des pluies et arrivent à maturité à la saison sèche.

  1. Ornamental Amaranth Amaranthus caudatus

    Ornamental amaranth is a fast-growing annual, up to 2.5 m in height. The stems end in a large, sometimes drooping inflorescence that may be red, purple or green. The leaves may be used as a leafy vegetable. Mainly used as an ornamental, but leaves and seeds are also edible.

  2. Foxtail Millet Setaria italica

    Foxtail millet is an annual grass crop, up to 1.5 m in height, and one of the most water efficient (250-300 mm per crop), short term (60-70 days), warm weather crops which can be used as a “catch” crop, planted after another crop has failed. The grain can be cooked whole or ground into flour....

  3. Maïs Zea mays

    maïs

    Le maïs est cultivé depuis de nombreux siècles dans plusieurs régions d’Amérique centrale, du Nord et du Sud. L’utilisation du maïs s’est étendue à de nombreuses régions tempérées, subtropicales et tropicales de la planète. À l’échelle mondiale, la production de maïs dépasse aujourd’hui celles du...

  4. Teff Eragrostis tef

    Teff is an annual tufted grass, growing to 1 m in height, with very small grains that may be ground into flour or eaten as a porridge. Teff is grown as a cereal crop primarily in Ethiopia. The grain is ground into flour, fermented and made into Injera, a sourdough-type flat bread.

  5. Quinoa Chenopodium quinoa

    Quinoa is a broad-leaved annual crop for cool seasons and higher altitudes in the tropics. The grain is a nutritious pseudo-cereal which is eaten boiled, toasted or ground into flour, and the leaves are eaten fresh or cooked.

  6. Grain Sorghum Sorghum bicolor

    Sorghum is an annual plant in the grass family that grows up to 5 m in height. Grain sorghum is a staple crop in many hotdry areas and ranks 5th worldwide among cereal grains. Depending on the variety, sorghum is grown for grain, forage, fuel, fiber, syrup, and sugar. Cleaned grain can be cooked...

  7. Finger Millet Eleusine coracana

    Finger millet is a short, annual grass to 1 m in height, grown for its small grains that are usually ground into flour for porridge. More drought tolerant than maize or sorghum, finger millet is also higher in protein, fat and minerals than those crops.

  8. Naked Oat Avena nuda

    Naked oats are an annual grass crop for cool weather with moist, well drained soil. In the tropics they do best in highland areas as a cover crop or forage. The grain is edible when cooked.

  9. Job's Tears Coix lacryma-jobi

    Job's tears is a tropical, 1 to 2 m tall annual grass. It is commonly found growing in many tropical areas of the world in ditches and low areas. Plants are commonly used for fodder and seeds are both consumed and used for bead craft.

  10. Proso Millet Panicum miliaceum

    Proso millet is an erect, tillering, annual grass, growing to 1 m in height, that is grown for the small seeds used for human consumption and livestock food. Proso millet was one of the earliest cultivated grains in the world. It is fairly drought tolerant and has a short growing season.

  11. Pearl Millet Pennisetum glaucum

    Pearl millet is an annual, tillering grass, growing to 4 m in height, and more drought tolerant than maize. The seed head is compact, cylindrical and up to 30 cm long. The grains are ground into flour for preparation of porridge, flat breads and fermented products. Pearl millet is widely grown...

  12. Buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum

    Buckwheat is a temperate, or high altitude tropical, annual, upright plant growing to 1 m in height. It is grown for the seeds which are used for human consumption and livestock feed. Buckwheat is also useful as a green manure or cover crop.

  13. Sesame Sesamum indicum

    Sesame is an erect, herbaceous, annual, broad-leaved plant, growing to 2.5 m in height. It is one of the oldest cultivated crops and mainly grown as a field crop for the seeds and especially oil extracted from the seeds.

  14. Sweet Sorghum Sorghum bicolor

    Sweet sorghum is an annual plant in the grass family up to 5 m in height. This variety of sorghum is distinguished by the sweet juice contained in the soft pith of the stalk and is mainly grown for syrup and sugar. It may also be planted for forage or silage.

  15. Amarante-Grain Amaranthus cruentus, A. hypochondriacus

    amarante-grain

    La culture des amarantes-grains pour l’alimentation humaine remonte aux anciennes civilisations aztèques du Mexique. Il existe une grande variété d’espèces d'amarante-grain; il pourrait s’avérer nécessaire d’expérimenter avec plusieurs souches disponibles pour en trouver une appropriée pour une...