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482 items found (Showing 261 - 270) |

  1. Bamboo Or Reed Writing Pens

    01-01-1960 This low-cost, easy-to-make pen has been in use in Jordan since 3000 B.C. Pens of different sizes can be made for work ranging from fine writing to large block letters. Similar pens have also been used in Thailand.
    Bamboo Construction Bamboo Reed Writing Pens Animal Housing Downloads

  2. Understanding Paper Recycling

    01-01-1986 Modern machines form paper in a continuous ribbon or web, not a single sheet at a time as did the ancients. A good papermaker in the olden days could make enough sheets in a day to weigh about 90kg. Today, an average machine makes 90,000kg per day! Much of the paper produced ultimately ends up as...
    Paper Industry Recycling Paper VITA Downloads

  3. Hand Papermaking

    01-01-1979 In many areas of developing countries paper is scarce. Rural schools may not have enough paper for their students and market goods may be wrapped in old newspapers if at all. Often this is because resources are not available to invest in modern papermaking factories, which require large amounts...
    Papermaking Paper Industry VITA Small Business Downloads Small Enterprise D...

  4. Understanding Small-Scale Papermaking

    01-01-1986 One field in which hand and small-scale papermakers do find a niche is the production of the very highest quality "art" papers, or the manufacture of a variety, of paper products or small local markets that are not served by large producers. Another area in which papermaking processes can be...
    Small Scale Paper Industry Papermaking VITA Downloads

  5. Paint Manufacturing

    01-01-1989 This Profile describes a small plant that will serve local needs, mainly in the trade-sales sector. Its output may exceed 4,000 liters per week (L/wk). For economic reasons, at least part of its total output may have been imported in bulk, and then tested, modified, and repackaged for the local...
    Paint Paint Production VITA Small Business Buisness Business Planning Downloads

  6. Understanding Small-Scale Paint Production

    01-01-1989 This paper describes how to start or expand a paint manufacturing facility in a nonindustrial country. The business information can also apply to the manufacture of number of other products, printing inks, cosmetics, glues and adhesives, textile treatments, carpet backing, paper modifications,...
    Paint Paint Production Small Scale VITA Downloads

  7. Wood-Burning Oven

    01-01-1981 This oven was designed and built for use in the Godavari School in Kathmandu, Nepal. It is built of solid brick, with a sheet iron door. A wood fire is burned in the oven, the ashes removed, and the bread slipped in to bake in the heat retained by the thick brick wall. The oven for the school has...
    Wood fuel Ovens VITA Downloads

  8. Waste Oil-Fired Oven

    01-01-1984 This simple, low-cost bakery oven is fueled by waste, automotive crankcase oil. The design has undergone extensive testing. It is designed to be built from locally available materials. This oven is capable of maintaining a 160 degrees C to 190 degrees C baking temperature on .946 to 1.4 liters of...
    Waste Oil Oil-Fired Kiln Ovens VITA Downloads

  9. Waste Oil-Fired Kiln

    01-01-1984 This technical bulletin briefly describes a new technique for using the spent lubricating oil removed from automobiles. This oil normally has no immediate use. It is often discarded in ways that can foul local groundwater or upset wastewater treatment systems. The "waste oil" can be burned as...
    Oil-Fired Kiln Waste Oil VITA Downloads

  10. Understanding Scrap Metal Recycling

    01-01-1984 Metal scrap, although unfamiliar to most people, is one of the world's larger industries with regard to the number of companies and people employed, weight of material handled and value of equipment used. It offers exceptionally good opportunities, for creating new businesses in developing...
    Metal Recycling Scrap metal VITA Downloads