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Food Tech Notes

  1. Muscovy Ducks

    19-01-1983 The Muscovy is a heavy bird, suitable mainly for meat production. Under good management, with proper feeding, the drakes (male ducks) will reach 4.0-4.5 kg and the ducks 2.0-2.5 kg at 16 weeks, which is usually the age at which the birds are sold to be eaten. Most of the Muscovys are pure white...
    Muscovy Ducks Duck

  2. Amaranth Grain & Vegetable Types

    Key Resource
    01-01-1983 Amaranth [Amaranthus hypochondriacus, A. cruentus (grain type) & A. tricolor (vegetable type)] is an herbaceous annual with upright growth habit, cultivated for both its seeds which are used as a grain and its leaves which are used as a vegetable or green. Both leaves and seeds contain...
    Amaranth Grain Crops Leafy Vegetables HIV/AIDS

  3. Cucurbit Seed as Possible Oil & Protein Sources

    Key Resource 01-06-1984 The uses of cucurbit seeds as sources of oils and proteins have been reviewed by Jacks, et al. (1972). After the hull is removed, cucurbit seeds contain about 50 percent oil and up to 35 percent proteins. Most of their oil is made up of non-saturated fatty acids, thus of high nutritional values....
    Cucurbit

  4. Beehive Designs for the Tropics

    Key Resource 01-08-1984 Several types of hives and their construction will be described but it must always be kept in mind that availability of materials is of extreme importance. There are places where lumber is readily available at reasonable prices and, certainly, if it is termite-proof or termite-proofed it is the...
    Beehive Beekeeping-Tropics Beekeeping

  5. Multi-Purpose Trees for Honey Production

    Key Resource 01-09-1984 Next to food, firewood is the most scarce item in developing countries. More than one third of the world is dependent upon firewood to supply their energy needs and ninety percent of the people in the poorest countries depend upon it as their chief source of fuel. What better way is there to...
    Multipurpose trees Research TN ECHO Resources Honey Pollinators

  6. Strawberries : A Potential Cash Crop in the Tropics

    01-08-1985 Several scientists and one grower were contacted by telephone and asked about the potential of strawberries for the tropics. Their conversations are summarized. The potential of strawberries (Frageria americana) as a source of income for the small farmer has been clearly demonstrated at the...
    Strawberries Frageria americana

  7. Moringa Recipes

    01-01-1988 "Of all parts of the tree, it is the leaves that are most extensively used. The growing tips and young leaves are best. [However, we sometimes pull the leaflets off in our hands and cook them without regard to age]. Unlike other kinds of edible leaves, benzolive leaves do not become bitter as...
    Moringa oleifera Recipes

  8. Soybean

    01-04-1988 The soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important food plants of the world, and seems to be growing in importance. It is an annual crop, fairly easy to grow, that produces more protein and oil per unit of land than almost any other crop. It is a versatile food plant that, used in its various...
    Glycine max Soya bean Soybeans

  9. Sweet Potato

    19-01-1988 Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) are already the 6th or 7th most produced food crop in the world, surpassed onlyby wheat, rice, corn, potato, barley, and possibly cassava. Among the reasons that sweet potato is a great crop is that it is relatively easy to grow, relatively free of pests and...
    Sweet Potato Ipomoea batatas

  10. Maize

    01-01-1989 Maize (Zea mays; corn) is the third most important food crop in the world, surpassed onlyby two other grains, wheat and rice. Maize is a widely adapted crop, capable of production during the appropriateseason in almost all parts of the world where farming is done. Maize is represented by...
    Maize Quality Protein Maize Seed Selection Agriculture Improv...

  11. Selecting the Best Plants for the Tropical Subsistence Farm

    Key Resource
    01-01-2007 By Dr. F. W. Martin. Published in parts, 1989 and 1994; Revised 1998 and 2007 by ECHO Staff Though nearly all plants are useful in some way, they are not equally valuable. For example, wheat, rice and corn may be considered the most valuable plants in the world based on the vast acreage planted...
    Crop Selection Tropical legumes Tropical Fruit Tropical Food Crops Tropical Forages Tropical Trees Perennial Vegetables

  12. Pigeon Pea

    Key Resource 01-01-1990 I often tell folks that ECHO specializes in growing food under difficult conditions. The pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan, is a prime example of a tough but nutritious plant for just such cases. This article is directed toward two audiences. For some of you, pigeon pea is already an important crop. You...
    Pigeon Pea Cajanus cajan

  13. Guinea Pigs for Meat Production

    Key Resource 01-01-1991 The high protein and high concentration of B vitamins found in meat make it an ideal part of the diet, very difficult to replace by plant foods, even with grain legumes that are nutritionally the closest plant foods to meat. Yet production of meat on the small farm almost dictates a way of life...
    Guinea Pig Meat Animals Meat Cavy

  14. Onions in the Tropics and Subtropics

    Key Resource 01-01-1992 A case could be made that onions are one of two universal vegetables that are cherished in almost every culture, tomatoes being the other. Both are difficult to grow in many tropical and subtropical climates. Where a vegetable is both popular and difficult to grow, it brings a good price. If a...
    Onion

  15. Chickens: Improving Small-Scale Production

    Key Resource 01-01-1995 Domesticated food producing animals in the world outnumber the human population, two to one. There are thousands of animal species in the world, yet, only a few have been successfully domesticated on a permanent basis and none within the last 2000 years. In fact, five species (cattle, sheep,...
    Chickens Poultry Farms

  16. Winged Bean Recipes

    01-04-1998 Traditionally the people of Sri Lanka consume vegetable cooked as curries with the dietary staple, rice. Legumes, in general, play a vital role in Sri Lankan diets and they are being consumed as green vegetables or pulses. Edible legumes are excellent sources of dietary protein and oil....
    Winged Bean Recipes Vegetable Legumes Legumes

  17. Banana, Coconut & Breadfruit

    Key Resource
    01-06-1998 There are more than one hundred major species of fruits in the tropics, which make a very interesting contribution to the appetite as well as to good nutrition. These species vary in ecological requirements, in season of production, in yields, uses and, of course, in many other characteristics....
    Banana Coconut Breadfruit

  18. Quail: An Egg & Meat Production System

    01-09-1998 Many families in the tropics must assume a major role in production of their own foodstuffs. Incomes are so low that purchase of food competes with purchase of necessary items that cannot be hand-made. Most governments in the tropics do not have the resources to guarantee even minimum food to all...
    Quail Eggs-Production Meat Eggs Poultry

  19. Jicama

    01-10-1998 Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) of the fabaceae or leguminosae family is a short-lived perennial, often grown as an annual leguminous climbing vine, which during short days will flower, produce long, inedible pods, and develop tuberous roots. These are few in number per plant, usually spherical, but...
    Pachyrhizus erosus Yam Bean Jicama

  20. Egusi Recipes

    01-11-1998 In West Africa, the name Egusi is applied to members of the gourd family having seeds of high oil content. Egusi Melon plants closely resemble watermelon plants; both have a non climbing creeping habit and deeply cut lobed leaves. The pulp of the watermelon fruit, however, is sweet and edible...
    Egusi

  21. Cashew

    01-01-1999 The cashew, Anacardium occidentale, is a resilient and fast-growing evergreen tree that can grow to a height of 20 m (60 ft). It belongs to the family Anacardiaceae, which also contains poison ivy and the mango. Native to arid northeastern Brazil, the cashew was taken around the world by the...
    Nuts Cashew Anacardium occiden...

  22. Should an Institution Grow its Own Food

    Key Resource 01-06-2001 Several times each year ECHO hears from someone (1) at an institution that is evaluating whether it should attempt to grow food for its [students, orphans, feeding program, staff, etc.] or (2) from someone contacted by such an institution and are asking ECHO's advice about whether/how to help...
    Growing Food

  23. Moringa Leaf Powder

    Key Resource
    20-01-2005 The leaves of the Moringa oleifera tree are very nutritious. They can be consumed fresh, cooked or dried. Since dried Moringaleaves retain their nutrient content, it is possible to convert them into leaf powder. When there is an abundance of leaves, this leaf powder can be made and stored easily....
    HIV/AIDS Moringa Nutrient Retention

  24. Chaya

    Key Resource
    01-01-2006 Dr. Martin Price, co-founder of ECHO and former head of ECHO’s Agricultural Resources Department, has said, “I would consider chaya to be one of the five most important underutilized food plants ECHO distributes. I give it this rank because of its ability to thrive in both arid and rainy regions,...
    Chaya Cnidosculous chaya... Underutilized Crops

  25. Lagos Spinach

    01-01-2007 In a world where hunger and poverty are issues with a large percentage of the population, technology and education are wanting, and agricultural resources are often scarce, a farmer is thankful for low-maintenance crops that will grow with a minimal input of effort and resources. Lagos spinach...
    Dark Green Leafy V... Lagos Spinach Spinach Underutilized Crops Celosia argentea

  26. Tropical Rabbit Production: A Guide to Raising Rabbits with Few Resources

    Key Resource
    01-03-2009 Rabbits are animals for folks that like to eat meat and want to raise it quickly. Rabbits reproduce quickly; up to eight bunnies every three months. A young rabbit can weigh four pounds in three months -- bigger than a broiler chicken. Rabbits are easy to raise, both in urban and rural areas....
    Rabbits

  27. Vegetables for SW Florida in the Summer Months

    Key Resource 01-01-2009 Within a couple days after Bonnie and I arrived in Florida in June 1981 to assume my new role as founding CEO of ECHO, I began digging a garden. For an avid gardener used to the long winters “up north” this was an exciting adventure. I was going to grow flowers and vegetables year-round in the...
    Home Garden Perennial Vegetables Leafy Vegetables Garden Vegetables Vegetable Legumes Vegetable Moringa Squash and Gourds ... Urban Gardening Yard Gardens Legume

  28. Fish Farming: Basics of Raising Tilapia & Implementing Aquaculture Projects

    Key Resource
    01-07-2010 Fish farming can generate high interest and excitement. It has great potential to produce high quality protein in relatively short time periods and in small areas. Fish farming is one way that resource poor farmers throughout the world can provide protein that is often lacking in the family diet...
    Aquaculture Fish Farming Tilapia

  29. Introducing A New Fruit Crop

    Key Resource
    20-01-2011 Over the past 30 plus years that we have been working with small-scale farmers in Central Africa, we have enjoyed the wonderful lushness of its forests, savannahs, and rivers. In addition, we have been privileged to get to know some of the many people groups, with their different cultures and...
    Fruit Trees Food Security Orchard Tropical Food Crops Nuts

  30. Lablab (Lablab purpureus) New Staple Crop for the Sudano Sahel

    Key Resource
    20-01-2013 About 98% of agricultural production in the Sudano Sahelian region of West and Central Africa is based on rainfed crops. With a mean annual rainfall of 300 to 800 mm/year, the number of staple crops is very limited. It includes two grain crops: pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) for sandy soils...
    Lablab Pulses Intercropping Food Security FMNR Forage Crop Nitrogen Fixation Rain-fed Agriculture

  31. Introduction to Tropical Root Crops

    Key Resource
    16-02-2015 Tropical root and tuber crops are consumed as staples in parts of the tropics and should be considered for their potential to produce impressive yields in small spaces. They provide valuable options for producing food under challenging growing conditions. Cassava and taro, for instance, are...
    Potatoes ECHO Resources Root Crops Sweet Potato Cassava Taro Yam

  32. Underutilized Crops for Small Farm Abundance

    Key Resource
    09-02-2018 Traditional diets included a wide variety of ingredients from myriad wild and domesticated plants. Regional cuisines were shaped by native species in their local environment and by gradually-adopted plants from distant places. The modern global food system and market pressures have reversed this...
    Underutilized Crops Squash and Gourds ... Leafy Vegetables Perennial Vegetables Grain Legumes (Pul... Pulses Grain Crops Grains

  33. 100-Fold Vegetable Gardens with Low-Cost Wicking Beds

    Key Resource
    23-07-2019 I discovered 100-fold gardens while researching ways to irrigate plants directly in the root zone. I wanted to know how to practically and affordably control some of the variables that influence plant growth, such as water availability and soil fertility. I read about “wicking beds,” which are...
    Dryland Farming Wick Irrigation Low Maintenance ga... Garden structures ...

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