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31 items found (Showing 1 - 10)

  1. Hand Papermaking

    1979-01-01 In many areas of developing countries paper is scarce. Rural schools may not have enough paper for their students and market goods may be wrapped in old newspapers if at all. Often this is because resources are not available to invest in modern papermaking factories, which require large amounts...
    Papermaking Paper Industry VITA Small Business Downloads Small Enterprise D...
     

  2. Understanding Ferrocement Construction

    1988-01-01 Ferrocement is a building material composed of a relatively thin layer of concrete, covering such reinforcing material as steel wire mesh. Because the building techniques are simple enough to be done by unskilled labor, ferrocement is an attractive construction method in areas where labor costs...
    Ferrocement Design & Construction Construction VITA Downloads
     

  3. Understanding Seed Handling For Germination

    1986-01-01 This report notes general considerations in seed harvesting, handling, and storage, and it focuses attention on methods to enhance germination for seeds started in seedbeds. The paper is intended to be especially useful for persons interested in setting up a small business that produces seed for...
    Seed Saving Seed Handling Seeds Germination Seed Germination VITA Downloads
     

  4. Understanding Paper Recycling

    1986-01-01 Modern machines form paper in a continuous ribbon or web, not a single sheet at a time as did the ancients. A good papermaker in the olden days could make enough sheets in a day to weigh about 90kg. Today, an average machine makes 90,000kg per day! Much of the paper produced ultimately ends up as...
    Paper Industry Recycling Paper VITA Downloads
     

  5. Understanding Small-Scale Papermaking

    1986-01-01 One field in which hand and small-scale papermakers do find a niche is the production of the very highest quality "art" papers, or the manufacture of a variety, of paper products or small local markets that are not served by large producers. Another area in which papermaking processes can be...
    Small Scale Paper Industry Papermaking VITA Downloads
     

  6. Understanding Evaporative Cooling

    1985-01-01 This paper provides an introduction to the process of evaporative cooling. In addition, the natural limitations and problems associated with this process, along with some practical applications of evaporative cooling are examined.
    Evaporative Cooling Cooling VITA Downloads
     

  7. Understanding Stabilized Earth Construction

    1984-01-01 Soil is one of the oldest building materials. It has been used for centuries in all parts of the world. Ancient temples, fortifications, and pyramids as well as part of the Great Wall of China were built with soil. The three traditional methods of soil construction are: adobe block or lumps built...
    Stabilized Earth Soil Health Construction VITA Downloads
     

  8. Cookers And Stoves: FIRELESS COOKER

    1985-01-01 Where fuel is scarce, this easy-to-build fireless cooker can be a contribution to better cooking. It keeps food cooking with a small amount of heat stored in hot stones; loss of heat is prevented by a thick layer of insulating material around the pot. Fireless cookers have been successfully used...
    Fireless Cooker Cookers Stoves Cookstoves VITA
     

  9. Paint Manufacturing

    1989-01-01 This Profile describes a small plant that will serve local needs, mainly in the trade-sales sector. Its output may exceed 4,000 liters per week (L/wk). For economic reasons, at least part of its total output may have been imported in bulk, and then tested, modified, and repackaged for the local...
    Paint Paint Production VITA Small Business Buisness Business Planning Downloads
     

  10. Baked, Leavened Breads

    1991-01-01 This profile describes a small bakery operating with a single shift and producing 100 tons of baked products a year. It also describes a medium-sized plant operating on the same basis but producing 250 tons of baked goods a year. Dry materials are received and water added to make dough, which is...
    Bread Baked Products Ind... Baking VITA Recipes Small Business Downloads