ECHO Asia Note Articles (Vietnamese)
အရင်းအမြစ်အားလုံးသို့ Vietnamese ဘာသာဖြင့် ပြန်သွားရန်-
2022-03-01 ကျွနပတိုသညရေစုပယူရနအတွက ရညရှညတညတံ၍ ရွေးချယစရာ/အခြားသောနညးလမးများကို စတင ရှာဖွေနေသညနှငအမျှကျွနပတို၏အဖွဲသညမြေနိမပိုငးရှိလယယာများတွငရေသွငးစိုကပျိုးရန အတွကအသုံးပြု သညရေလှညဘီးများ၏ သဘောတရားများဖြငစတင၍“ကြံဆလုပဆောငကြည” ကြသည။ ကျွနပတိုသည စလငး ပန(စလငးရေစုပစကဟုခေါသညရေစုပ စကဖြငသုတေသနပြုခြငးနှငစမးသပခြင...- also available in:
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2022-03-01 ဒေ(ဗ)သည ယခုတငပြသညအရာအတွကအခွငအလမးရရနထိုငးနိုငငံသိုနှစနှစတိတိစော၍ရောကရှိလာခဲသည။ တောငပေါတွငရှိသောလူမျိုးစုများသညဓါတမြေသြဇာများကိုအသုံးပြု၍အားစိုကထုတကြသောလညးကောကပဲသီးနှံအထွကနညးပါးခြငးနှငကြုံတွေကြရသည။- also available in:
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2021-09-01 [အယဒီတာမှတချက - လကရှိအချိနတွငဘိုငအိုချာမီးဖိုပုံစံများစွာရှိပါသည၊၎ငးတိုကိုအတိုငးအတာအမျိုးမျိုးနှင နောကဆုံးထိအသုံးပြုရနရညရွယ၍ပြုလုပကြသည။အထူးစီစဥထားသညဤဒီဇိုငးသညအီးစီအိပချအိုအာရှလယယာနထမးများ၏အနှစသကဆုံးဒီဇိုငးဖြစသည၊အကြောငးမှာ၎ငးတွငပိုမိုများပြားသည ပိုငရိုလိုကပစစညး(ဘိုငအို မတစကဲသိုသော အောဂဲနစပစစည...- also available in:
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2021-09-01 Critical to the success of a small-scale farm is its ability to turn on-farm waste into alternative value-added products. By integrating the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) on the farm, small-scale enterprises can do just that. Taking common waste products such as food scraps and manure,...- also available in:
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2021-06-01 [Editor’s Note: This is only one example of a biosecurity plan for small-scale pig operations in one region and may be used as a template. It is unlikely that all measures will be practical or appropriate for your context and should therefore be adapted according to the needs and priorities of...- also available in:
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2021-06-01 As global prosperity has risen, so too has demand for animal protein. Pork has become the most consumed meat of terrestrial animals at 37% of total global meat consumption (Beltrán-Alcrudoet al., 2017). Pork production most drastically increased in Asia (Figure 1), accounting for as much as 55%...- also available in:
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2021-06-01 What Steps Should I Take?- also available in:
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မတုပသောပျားမွေးမြူခြငးသိုမဟုတမကလီပိုနီကားချား(Meliponiculture)မတုပသောဒေသဇာတိပျားများမွေးမြူ ၍စီမံခနခွဲခြငး)မကလီပိုနိနိ အနွယမှပျားများကိုမွေးမြူခြငးဖြစသည။ မတုပသောပျားများတွငမျိုးစိတရာပေါငးများ စွာရှိ၍အပူပိုငးဒေသ/အာရှတိုကအပူပိုငးနှငသြစတြေးလျနှစနေရာတွငပငလျှငမျိုးစိတပေါငးမျိုးရှိနိုငသည(ရာပမူစန၊ )၊...- also available in:
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2021-02-01 ကမဘာပေါတွငအပူပိုငးဒေသမှစ၍ရာသီဥတုသမသညဒေသများအထိစားသုံးနိုငသည ဒရငကောက ပငမျိုးစိတများစွာရှိ၍ ဘရကကင ဖနးပငများ (ထရစဒီယမ အကစပီပီ(Pteridium spp.)၊ အောစထ ရစ ဖနးပငများ(မကတီဥချာ စထရူသီယိုပတီရစ (Matteuccia struthiopteris)၊ နှင စတငနိုခလငးနာ (Stenochlaena)ဖနးပငများအပါအငဖြစသည။သိုသောဤဆောငးပါးတွငအာရှနှငပငလယကမ...- also available in:
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ရေစုပစက(ပန)များသည အသေးစားလယယာလုပငနးများအတွကအဓိကကျသောအစိတအပိုငးတစခုဖြစ၍ လကတွေအားဖြငအမျိုးမျိုးအသုံးပြုနိုငသညတနဖိုးရှိသောလုပအား-ကုနကျမှုနဲစေသညကရိယာတစခုဖြစ သည။ မတူညီသောရေစုပစက(ပန )အမျိုးအစားအမျိုးမျိုးတိုကို ပုံမှနအားဖြငရေသိုလှောငရနနှငရေစစရန၊ ရေသွငးစိုကပျိုးရန၊ အကွေကားချားစနစများ(ရေတွငငါးသိုမဟုတအပင...- also available in:
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အချိုသောအပူပိုငးဒေသကောကပဲသီးနံများတွင ဆဲလများကိုကြိတချေသညအခါ ဟိုငဒြိုဆိုငယာနစ အကစစ (HCN-၎ငးကို ဆိုငယာနိုဒ (cyanide)သိုမဟုတ ဖရူးစစ အကစစ(prussic acid)ဟုလညးခေါ ကြ သည)-အဆိပ ဖြစစေသညတထုပစစညးများပါငသည ဆိုငယာနိုဂျဲနစ ဂလိုငကိုဆိုဒများပါငသည။ချကပြုတခြငးမပြုလုပဘဲ စားသုံးခြငးကြောင ဆိုငယာနိုဒအဆိပသငခြငးကိုဖြစ...- also available in:
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ချာယာ (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) နှင ကာစာဗာ (Manihot esculenta) ကဲသိုသောအပူပိုငးဒေသ ကောကပဲ သီးနှံ အရွကများတွင ဆိုငယာနိုဂဲနစ ဂလိုငကိုဆိုဒများ(cyanogenic glycosides)ပါငသည၊ ၎ငးတို၏ဆဲလများကို ကြိတခြေသညအခါ ဟိုကဒြိုဆိုငယာနစ အကစစ (hydrocyanic acid) ထုတသညအဆိပရှိသညပစစညး (HCN (အိပချစီအင )-ဆိုငယာနိုက သို...- also available in:
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Tomatoes are difficult to grow during Southeast Asia’s hot and humid monsoonal rainy season. A combination of waterlogged soils, increased disease pressure, and high temperatures often kill young tomato transplants or significantly reduce yields. As an introduced crop, originally from South...- also available in:
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This article is from ECHO Asia Note # 42 The integration of livestock on the smallholder farm is often a key component to the long-term sustainability of the farm, specifically by means of critical nutrient cycling. Livestock play a unique and critical role on the farm, transforming plant and...- also available in:
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This article is from ECHO Asia Note #28 For both farmers and researchers in the tropics, seed saving can be very frustrating. In Mondulkiri province, farmers are rarely able to keep seed for more than the six months between harvest and the new planting season. Seeds stored longer than this tend...- also available in:
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This article is from ECHO Asia Note #28 Farm-generated fertility contributes to a more sustainable agricultural system. Crop residues and manures are part of the nutrient cycle for plant production and can lower input costs through the use of thermophilic composting, vermiculture, bokashi...- also available in:
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This article is from ECHO Asia Note #27 When planning to construct a “Cold Room” or “Seed Storage Room” for the purpose of preserving seed viability, one must first consider principles for optimum seed storage. InECHO Asia Note 14(July 2012), we shared results from our comparison of vacuum...- also available in:
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This article is from ECHO Asia Note #27 Microorganisms are defined as any living things too small for the eye to see; they include fungi, algae, and bacteria (Rao, 1995). These small organisms can be found everywhere: in water, air, and in the soil. On a farm, microorganism numbers are especially...- also available in:
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2015-09-01 At the beginning of last year, Thailand experienced its most severe drought in twenty years. Only four years ago it also experienced its most severe flooding. Natural disasters are occurring with increasing frequency and severity; it is therefore vital to establish defenses against catastrophes...- also available in:
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ECHO Asia Impact Center staff members first heard about alternative herbicide recipes that use fermented papaya and pineapple from a retired technical school teacher and organic farmer, Kru Pratoom. As weeding is a big part of any farmer’s life, the Seed Bank staff wanted to try out a lower-risk...- also available in:
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2015-12-15 This series of articles on water management has been reprinted with permission from Thailand’s Natural Farming Magazine and serves as an introduction to small-scale water management. Many of the ideas offered in these articles are consistent with permaculture design principles, which promote...- also available in:
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2015-08-01 Invasive alien species (often IAS in the literature) are those species introduced to an area outside their normal or native range, either purposefully or by accident, whose colonization causes significant harm. The species may become weeds, pests or pathogens, affecting both human interests and...- also available in:
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2015-08-01 As densities of livestock increase, an industrious farmer finds ways and means to increase his farm’s nutrient stream for the benefit of his system. This article will describe methods and techniques necessary for a smallholder farmer to succeed with farm-derived hog feeds. As you read, remember...- also available in:
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2015-06-15 Increased awareness of the potential of neem tree by creating awareness of its potential would go a long way in promoting its acceptance for pest management and improvement of plant health, animal health, human health, and environmental health.- also available in:
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2015-06-15 Tricho-compost is the material that results when spores of a beneficial fungus, Trichoderma sp. are used in the composting process. Trichoderma sp. are natural competitors against a wide range of harmful fungi; when it is added to compost, the latter can then work as an anti-fungal agent to...- also available in:
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2015-02-15 In Malaysia, agriculture is practised by a range of farmers – from subsistence cultivators of the soil to sophisticated, commercially-driven entrepreneurs. The latter group are quite adept at assessing the latest in technology and varieties, and already have established marketing channels. The...- also available in:
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2015-02-15 In its simplest definition a forage is any plant material grazed or fed to livestock. However, a more specific definition that’s presented in this article focuses on plants (grasses and legumes) that are planted specifically to provide superior feed benefits to livestock due to: 1) higher protein...- also available in:
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2014-10-15 Currently, we have two 16 x 1 meter floating raft troughs, and one 16 x 1 meter rock bed that are connected to six 1 cubic meter fish tanks by PVC piping (elements 1 and 2 above). We also have three smaller stand-alone aquaponics units that we use as example starter units. One of our major goals...- also available in:
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2014-10-15 Today, if someone were to ask me to help build a small system on their urban rental property, would I use cement rings? The easy answer is yes, but....- also available in:
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2014-06-14 This article is from ECHO Asia Note #21 The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a promising rice-farming methodology that is able both to lower production costs—of seed, fertilizer, chemicals, and water—and to increase yield by enabling each rice plant to reach its full potential. However,...- also available in:
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2014-06-14 It was an afternoon of 2002 when I first read about SRI. As an extension officer in the District Agriculture Development Office (DADO), I started promoting SRI in the following years in the district of Morang, Nepal. Over this time I observed hundreds of attractive SRI fields and spent some years...- also available in:
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2014-06-14 This article is from ECHO Asia Note #21 Wanpen’s roller planting marker was developed from her experience. When a problem occurred, she would alter and develop the tool according to the problem and rice variety. Wanpen’s tool was designed to be lightweight, easy to handle and convenient to use....- also available in:
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2014-06-14 This article is from ECHO Asia Note #21 This article contains diagrams of the SRI RollingMarker, Rotary Weeder, and Grass Cutter discussed in other articles from Echo Asia Note 21.- also available in:
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In nature, dozens of species of harmful fungi can quickly kill a plant, including Fusarium spp., the causal agents of Fusarium wilt, and Phakospora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of soybean rust. Fungi are unable to produce nutrients on their own, so they must find another source; sometimes that...- also available in:
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Farm-generated fertility makes agriculture more sustainable. Crop residues and manures are part of the nutrient cycle and can lower input costs through the use of thermophilic composting, vermiculture, bokashi production, or green manures. Farm-generated feeds can also reduce expenses, if farmers...- also available in:
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This article is from ECHO Asia Note #19 In a tropical setting, growing seedlings can be a difficult task. A major factor of concern for nursery production is water-logging (Zhu, 2007). During the rainy season, oversaturated soils can effectively suffocate root systems of a seedling by restricting...- also available in:
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This article is from ECHO Asia Note #19 It iscompletely possible to run a diesel engine on biogas; however, a number of considerations must be taken into account before it may be considered a serious option in a development program. This article will explore some key considerations when...- also available in:
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“Participatory methods” in community development initially emerged in the 1970s, and interest in their use has continued to increase among practitioners, especially in recent years.1 Many practitioners agree that this growing acceptance is a good thing, as it has made us pay attention to the ways...- also available in:
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This article is from ECHO Asia Note #17 Around the world, many agriculturists and gardeners are adopting soil amendments and fertilizers that are called bokashi. Bokashi is a Japanese word that has no good translation into English, according to Yukiko Oyanagi, a staffer with the Asian Rural...- also available in:
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This article is from ECHO Asia Note #17 Contamination of drinking water sources by harmful synthetic organic compounds (SOCs), such as pesticides, is a major worldwide problem. Pesticide pollution appears twice in the top ten of The World’s Worst Toxic Pollution Problems Report 2011 by the...- also available in:
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This article is from ECHO Asia Note #16 During the 2012 ECHO Agriculture Workshop in Yangon, 63 attendees representing at least 25 agriculture and community development organizations from across Myanmar were polled about their observations and opinions related to climate change. The vast majority...- also available in:
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2013-03-20 Since 2011, ECHO Asia has developed and facilitated seed exchange events during meetings with local partners. Through conversations with farmers and NGO staff, we have gained better insight about locally-important plant varieties, seed saving practices, attitudes towards saving seeds, and...- also available in:
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2012-10-01 This article is from ECHO Asia Note #15 Editor: Between 1997 and 2009, Kirby Rogers worked as part of a team to establish an agriculture-based business called Natural Products (NPI) in Bokeo, Laos. Much of this effort involved promoting soybean as a local cash crop as well as developing related...- also available in:
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2012-10-01 Soil quality, also known as soil health, is the capacity of the soil to function – how well it fills the roles we need it to, whether in a natural or managed ecosystem. There are a variety of measures used to gauge soil health and although we can use these characteristics as indicators of soil...- also available in:
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2012-07-01 This article is from ECHO Asia Note #14 Editor: Dr. Dick Tinsley is an Emeritus Professor with Colorado State University. With decades of experience as an advisor to smallholder agriculture development projects, he was worked in numerous locations across Asia and Africa. In this article, Dr....- also available in:
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2012-07-01 Introduction Storing seeds in the tropics can often be difficult; with high temperatures and humid conditions, seeds lose their ability to germinate quickly. Many techniques for seed storage exist, from the high-tech standards of gene banks to simple methods used by villagers for saving their own...- also available in:
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2012-04-01 The cool, dry season offers the best window for vegetable production in the tropics, assuming an adequate water supply. Pest and disease pressures are relatively low and temperatures are moderate. By contrast, the rainy season brings a combination of high temperatures and humidity that encourages...- also available in:
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2012-04-01 Introduction In many parts of tropical Asia, especially on rainfed farms, there has been an explosion of acreage planted in maize. The increase in commercial maize production is driven by growing livestock feed demand, and is displacing many traditional crops, including the staple upland rice....- also available in:
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This article is from ECHO Asia Note #12 Introduction When you come across an especially promising local variety of a crop grown in your area, how can you enable other farmers to try out this variety? If a farmer gives you 30 seeds of an exceptional variety, how might you go about distributing...- also available in:
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